WO2003034568A1 - Condensateur double/chargeur de batterie - Google Patents

Condensateur double/chargeur de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003034568A1
WO2003034568A1 PCT/US2001/046677 US0146677W WO03034568A1 WO 2003034568 A1 WO2003034568 A1 WO 2003034568A1 US 0146677 W US0146677 W US 0146677W WO 03034568 A1 WO03034568 A1 WO 03034568A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
discharge
battery
pack
circuit
counter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/046677
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Elliott
Robert Mylott
Original Assignee
Radiant Power Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/710,020 external-priority patent/US6700352B1/en
Application filed by Radiant Power Corporation filed Critical Radiant Power Corporation
Publication of WO2003034568A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003034568A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00038—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors
    • H02J7/00043—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors using switches, contacts or markings, e.g. optical, magnetic or barcode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to an electrical charging device that can recharge either or both of secondary batteries or capacitors, and which implements various intelligent charge-discharge methods for automatically preventing the onset of memory
  • a power factor correction circuit for use in a power pack is also disclosed.
  • New electro-chemical capacitors (“super-capacitors” or double-layer capacitors) are currently available in sizes that can compete in some applications with small NickelCadmium (NiCd) and Nickel-Metal-Hydride (NiMH) batteries. Secondary (rechargeable) batteries store energy in the dissociation and recombination of particular chemical compounds. Super-capacitors store energy in the electric field of ionic compounds in close proximity.,
  • a typical super-capacitor can be charged and
  • ⁇ iCd batteries The memory effect is a well-known characteristic of ⁇ iCd batteries in which repeated partial discharges of the battery cause part of the energy in the battery to become inaccessible during discharge. This is a reversible change in the battery and can
  • Deep Deep
  • discharges are generally performed by removing the battery from the battery-powered
  • battery "lifetime” indicators may provide some warning, they often operate unreliably when there is an existing memory effect which must be countered. In addition, some electronic devices may be damaged as the battery voltage drops toward the deep-discharge
  • Batteries have a narrow operating voltage range. For example, 90% of the
  • the selection is important, particularly if the equipment includes a built-in charger.
  • the choice of energy device would preferably be at the user's discretion, so that one user could select super-capacitors because of their much longer charge/discharge life and low-maintenance requirements, while another user could choose secondary batteries
  • the charger includes an on-board automatic
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a charger which
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a charging system with removable energy
  • FIG. 2 is an illustration of a particular embodiment of the circuits in the
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power factor correction circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • system comprises Charger Unit, 1 and one or more energy
  • the battery and capacitor packs 2, 3 are removable and have a respective mating plug 12,
  • Multiple receptacles 5 may be provided in the
  • a user may attach a battery pack 2 and a capacitor pack 3 to the charger unit.
  • the charger is configured to
  • the Charger unit 1 comprises at least one power supply element
  • logic circuitry 10 that in turn provides controlled power (received from the power supply element 6) to recharge the energy pack 2, 3.
  • the logic circuit 8 can also control the operation of the output control 11.
  • logic circuit 8 is comprised of hardwired logic elements, either discrete or as part of an integrated structure, such as a programmable
  • logic circuit 8 may be implemented in programmable devices.
  • a type selector circuit 9 is also provided. Type selector circuit 9 receives
  • each class or type of energy storage pack is assigned a
  • type identifier such as one or more type identifier jumpers 16 or 22 placed on
  • the type of battery pack connected to charger unit 1 can be determined by
  • batteries have a relatively constant charge voltage while capacitors increase voltage
  • a manual switch can be
  • logic circuit 8 and type selector circuit 9 are shown as separate elements, this is primarily for ease of understanding. It should be understood that the functionality of the logic circuit 8 and type selector circuit 9 are shown as separate elements, this is primarily for ease of understanding. It should be understood that the functionality of the logic circuit 8 and type selector circuit 9 are shown as separate elements, this is primarily for ease of understanding. It should be understood that the functionality of the logic circuit 8 and type selector circuit 9 are shown as separate elements, this is primarily for ease of understanding. It should be understood that the functionality of the
  • the stored energy from the energy pack 2, 3 is routed through output control circuit 11.
  • the external load is mated to the external connector 4.
  • the functions can be implemented by discrete logic circuits or via programmable logic.
  • the Logic circuit and charger controller 8 is the circuit that controls the
  • the charger unit 1 monitors the input power, and when appropriate, enables the charging circuits to recharge the battery or capacitor pack. In the specific application where the energy storage is used for emergency operation (as opposed to the
  • the controller also enables the energy storage
  • operation can be achieved, in one embodiment, by adding a switching element between the input power supplies and the power connection to the external device.
  • the controller When input power is valid, the controller enables the switching element and the load operates from the input
  • the charging functionality of the controller is implemented by monitoring voltages and currents at the energy pack via the energy pack connections.
  • connections serve as sense leads as well as power leads.
  • the logic and circuitry serve as sense leads as well as power leads.
  • controller 8 and charging circuit 10 have separate charging functions for battery packs and
  • capacitor packs which functions are enabled or disabled according to the type of energy pack in use.
  • a variety of battery charging algorithms may be used, including fast charge with voltage shut-off followed by trickle charge, negative-delta- vee termination, timed fast
  • Charging a capacitor pack 3 requires a slightly different scheme. Whereas batteries have a substantially constant voltage characteristic, capacitors have a linear voltage characteristic. To keep from over-heating the charging circuit when the capacitor
  • period of the modulation is 1-5 seconds because the charging circuit usually has a large
  • the type selector circuit 9 is used to enable or disable the various charging
  • counter CI includes a first and a second counter.
  • the first counter is incremented after a discharge and charge of an energy storage pack.
  • Logic circuit 8' is used to monitor the first counter, and is also used to generate an output control
  • This output control signal is
  • the output switch is a transistor
  • the current limiter is a transistor
  • the logic circuit 8' comprises logic gates
  • Gl and G2 which monitor the output signals of circuits VI and V2 which are provide a output charging signal based on the difference between reference voltage #1 and the input
  • a high level signal an output charging signal
  • the charging circuit 10 is provided to charging circuit 10.
  • the charging circuit 10 is configured to provide a logic level 1 to charging circuit 10.
  • a fast charging constant current source T5 a reference voltage (i.e., a Fast
  • Switch T2 is controlled by the output charging signal. Upon receipt of this
  • the second counter is enabled.
  • the second counter is incremented.
  • the discharge circuit 10 further enables charging of the energy storage pack such that deep discharge maintenance on the energy
  • switch T2 is a transistor. If the controller is executed using discrete circuitry, the outputs of the
  • selector are used to select appropriate voltage set points or resistor dividers and enable and
  • the selector circuit 9 is used to disable circuit blocks in the logic and charger controller 8.
  • selector In embodiments of the invention, selector
  • circuit 9 comprises a plurality of pull-up resistors Rl and R2 which are used to indicated the type of energy pack is attached to the charge 1. Based on the configuration of the
  • the energy packs are configured for
  • energy storage packs 2 and 3 comprises at least a mating plug 12, 17 and an energy storage
  • the energy storage pack can be augmented with particular enhancements
  • the battery pack 2 can further comprises a controller 14 and a deep discharge maintenance system 15.
  • the capacitor pack 3 may include controller 19, and buck/boost regulators 20, 21.
  • Other enhancements include the addition of circuitry
  • circuitry to measure the duration from, or a time stamp of the time, the battery was charged (to compensate for
  • circuitry or appropriate memory devices can be included within the pack to store a serial number identification.
  • all of the stored information can be automatically extracted by
  • the charger unit and processed accordingly or passed to an external device.
  • an external device For example,
  • the device serial number can be automatically retrieved to identify the location of power
  • timers timers, voltage detecting circuits, counters, logic circuits, and memory elements.
  • a deep discharge maintenance system 15 may be implemented.
  • system 15 comprises a circuit which selectively disables the recharge of
  • system 14 comprises a circuit, such as a transistor-based circuit, which discharges the battery into a
  • control signal can be provided by the controller 14, discussed
  • the functionality of the battery pack controller 14 is dependent on the
  • the controller comprises a counter that is incremented after each discharge/charge cycle.
  • logic circuit monitors the counter and determines when a first predetermined number of
  • a second count is started.
  • the second count is updated each time the pack is discharged. Recharging is inhibited during this discharge-inhibit state.
  • the second count reaches a second predetermined amount
  • the seconds preset number is selected to permit the normal
  • This signal also enables the second counter and disables subsequent increments of the first counter.
  • the second counter reaches the second predetermined level, both counters are reset.
  • a load is a constant, is generally known, and is less than a full discharge of the pack, a
  • microprocessor or similar digital controller, is configured to provide functionality similar to that discussed above.
  • microprocessor permits the actual
  • the duration of the charge-inhibit state is
  • one or more of the following features are selected according to the measured energy consumption. In one embodiment, one or more of the following features:
  • This embodiment allows a deeper discharge to occur since the actual power
  • the processor can monitor the dept of discharge of
  • the microprocessor can also alter the
  • maintenance signal can also be generated when battery pack capacity has decreased to a preset level to indicate that service or replacement may be required.
  • This signal can be a warning light, or other signal, on the battery pack itself or a signal which is recognized by
  • controller 14 is somewhat different when used with the
  • the controller produces a control signal which initiates a discharge of the
  • a deep- discharge is only initiated if it has been quite some time since the last normal discharge.
  • the battery pack is used in an aircraft data recorder, it is preferable to
  • the controller terminates deep-discharge
  • the controller preferably recognizes when a deep- discharge cycle is unsuccessful , e.g., as a result of either conditions 1) and 2) , and then repeats the deep-discharge cycle at an appropriate time.
  • the capacitor pack 3 comprises a controller 19 and one or more buck/boost regulators 20, 21. When the capacitor voltage is near the load
  • the buck/boost regulator includes a cascaded
  • boost regulator and buck regulator a single buck-boost regulator topology, or a forward
  • the circuits can be implemented using simple regulators. When the capacitor voltage is much higher than the load voltage, only a
  • boost converter is used to charge the capacitor.
  • a buck converter is used to recover the
  • the circuits can be
  • the capacitor pack controller 19 comprises voltage and current
  • the controller sets one
  • the setpoint values may change over time as the capacitor becomes charged fully.
  • setpoint voltage is the predetermined rated voltage of the capacitor pack (point of
  • circuitry is added to the
  • the stored voltage converts the stored voltage back to an expected voltage.
  • the stored voltage converts the stored voltage back to an expected voltage.
  • circuitry is contained within the energy pack. However, in an alternative embodiment it is
  • Non-optimal storage elements are storage elements having voltage and
  • a small standard NiCd battery is the "AA" size rated at 600 mA-hr and 1.2 V. To build a 24V system, 20 of these batteries can be
  • the rated capacity of the pack would be 600 mA-hr. However, if the application called for only a 120 mA-hr life, for size, weight, or cost considerations, a non- optimal battery pack, comprised of 4 cells in series, for example, could be used instead.
  • the 4 cells would nominally provide 4.8 V at 600 mA-hr. According to this aspect of the
  • the additional circuitry steps-up the battery output voltage 5 times to 24 V
  • the energy storage pack provides a known amount of energy to the load and the energy storage pack contains much more energy than that known amount to be
  • a load requires an energy of 0.5 A-hr and the pack is rated at 5
  • the pack is only cycled to the 10% discharged point (0.5/5), or 90% of full charge. If the
  • the charger when it is determined that a deep-discharge of the pack is appropriate, e.g., in response to the operation of discrete circuitry or software, the charger could prevent the recharge of the pack for some number of charge-discharge
  • power is drawn from the charger unit
  • FIG. 3 A new power factor correction circuit for permitting this operation is shown in Fig. 3. Power factor correction circuits are often added to provide reduced current draw
  • the circuit has
  • the circuit configuration shown has the following characteristics:
  • PFC circuit 30 is configured to operate on the rectified secondary side of a power transformer 32.
  • conventional PFC power Factor Correction
  • circuits operate on the primary power without a transformer.
  • PFC circuits use the input waveform (sinusoid or rectified sinusoid) as a reference.
  • the PFC circuitry makes the input current follow a scaled version of the reference voltage.
  • PFC has to be converted again before it can be used.
  • DC Mains system 33 when available, can be connected into the rectified
  • the PFC circuitry 30, 36 operates as a boost
  • boost regulator is needed, not two. If primary AC side sensing is used, additional circuitry is required to get DC reference. However, if secondary side sensing is used, no additional

Abstract

L'invention concerne un chargeur de puissance chargeant et fournissant une puissance conditionnée à partir d'au moins un supercondensateur (8) et une batterie secondaire (13). Le type de dispositif d'énergie est choisi par un utilisateur, de manière que l'utilisateur sélectionne les supercondensateurs à cause de leur durée de vie de charge/décharge plus longue et de leurs besoins d'entretien réduits, alors qu'un autre utilisateur choisira des batteries secondaires à cause de leur plus grande énergie accumulée, alors qu'un troisième utilisateur optera pour une combinaison des deux.
PCT/US2001/046677 2000-11-10 2001-11-12 Condensateur double/chargeur de batterie WO2003034568A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/710,020 2000-11-10
US09/710,020 US6700352B1 (en) 1999-11-11 2000-11-10 Dual capacitor/battery charger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003034568A1 true WO2003034568A1 (fr) 2003-04-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/046677 WO2003034568A1 (fr) 2000-11-10 2001-11-12 Condensateur double/chargeur de batterie

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2003034568A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2102046B2 (fr) † 2006-12-22 2015-09-23 The Boeing Company Système de commutation de courant et procédé pour système de frein électrique d'avion
CN105980989A (zh) * 2014-10-24 2016-09-28 株式会社Lg化学 用于检测电池管理系统中的任务调度器的故障的设备和方法
EP2594369A3 (fr) * 2011-11-15 2017-01-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Outil électrique
GB2553128A (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-02-28 Dst Innovations Ltd Rechargeable power cells
CN109638930A (zh) * 2019-02-15 2019-04-16 漳州科华技术有限责任公司 电池充电控制方法及供电系统
EP2362976B1 (fr) * 2008-10-24 2020-01-01 The Boeing Company Architecture intelligente de gestion d'energie
CN110828918A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-02-21 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 一种汽车动力电池的控制系统及控制方法

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2102046B2 (fr) † 2006-12-22 2015-09-23 The Boeing Company Système de commutation de courant et procédé pour système de frein électrique d'avion
EP2362976B1 (fr) * 2008-10-24 2020-01-01 The Boeing Company Architecture intelligente de gestion d'energie
EP2594369A3 (fr) * 2011-11-15 2017-01-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Outil électrique
CN105980989A (zh) * 2014-10-24 2016-09-28 株式会社Lg化学 用于检测电池管理系统中的任务调度器的故障的设备和方法
EP3082214A4 (fr) * 2014-10-24 2017-08-23 LG Chem, Ltd. Appareil et procédé de détection de dysfonctionnement d'un planificateur de tâches dans un système de gestion de batterie
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GB2553128A (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-02-28 Dst Innovations Ltd Rechargeable power cells
GB2553128B (en) * 2016-08-24 2020-02-26 Dst Innovations Ltd Rechargeable power cells
US11201360B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2021-12-14 Dst Innovations Limited Rechargeable power cells
CN109638930A (zh) * 2019-02-15 2019-04-16 漳州科华技术有限责任公司 电池充电控制方法及供电系统
CN110828918A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-02-21 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 一种汽车动力电池的控制系统及控制方法
CN110828918B (zh) * 2019-11-13 2023-03-24 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 一种汽车动力电池的控制系统及控制方法

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