WO2002067693A1 - Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins - Google Patents
Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002067693A1 WO2002067693A1 PCT/FR2002/000687 FR0200687W WO02067693A1 WO 2002067693 A1 WO2002067693 A1 WO 2002067693A1 FR 0200687 W FR0200687 W FR 0200687W WO 02067693 A1 WO02067693 A1 WO 02067693A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- rabbits
- food
- general formula
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/50—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for rodents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new pheromone, more precisely a mammary pheromone emitted by the lactating female rabbit, as well as its applications in the feeding of rabbits.
- This compound emitted by the lactating rabbit having signal value for the newborn rabbit is 2-methyl-but-2-enal.
- the present invention constitutes the first chemical and behavioral characterization of a pheromone of mammary origin in the mammal.
- neonatal mortality is high and due to causes attributable to the mother and the young.
- the success of the first feeds is critical for the survival of the newborn, especially because of the parsimonious nature of the mother-young relationship, in particular because the newborn rabbits receive their daily milk ration in a single feed of 3 4 minutes.
- the identification of a substance having mammary pheromone activity therefore has particularly interesting applications insofar as it makes it possible to intervene in the ingestion of food by the rabbit or the young rabbit, either by being incorporated into the diet. lactating rabbit so as to be excreted in milk in a quantity greater than the basal quantity, that is by being incorporated directly into the diet of the young rabbit.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a composition for feeding rabbits, characterized in that it comprises a base formed from a liquid or solid food compatible with feeding rabbits and from 10 "9 to 10 " 4 g / gram of total composition of a compound of formula (I):
- Ri and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, and the other represents a C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl group; - the dotted line represents the possibility of a double bond, if necessary in position 2 or 3;
- - Y represents H or the group OR 3 , R 3 representing H, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group or a CC 4 acyl group;
- - x represents 0 or 1
- - m represents 2 when a double bond is present in position 3 and 3 in the other cases
- - n 1 when no double bond is present and 0 when a double bond is present in position 2 or 3;
- - p represents 0 when a double bond is present in position 2 and 1 when no double bond is present in position 2;
- the dotted line represents a double bond in position 2.
- the compounds of formula (I) in which the dotted line represents a double bond in position 3 or which does not comprise a double bond that is to say derivatives of butanal, butanol or butanoic acid, also have less pheromone-like activity.
- one of Ri and R 2 represents a C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl group, preferably methyl or ethyl, and the other represents the hydrogen atom.
- R 1 represents methyl or ethyl and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom are however preferred.
- Another group of preferred compounds is that in which x represents 1 and Y a hydrogen atom, that is to say generally aldehydes.
- non-natural is meant a composition which differs from natural rabbit milk.
- rabbit within the meaning of the present invention, is meant the species belonging to the genus Oryctolagus, very particularly the domestic rabbit Oryctolagus c ⁇ niculus, or any other member of the family Leporidae.
- the food composition is in solid form.
- the composition advantageously comprises a mixture of raw materials of essentially vegetable origin.
- This mixture is advantageously obtained by treating cereal seeds (corn, wheat, barley or their by-products), by treating roots or tubers (beets, cassava), grasses or other perennial fodder plants (alfalfa), or by treatment of oil or protein seeds or fruits (whole grains, oil cakes and other by-products: soy, sunflower, rapeseed, grape seeds, peas, faba bean).
- the food base is rich in carbohydrates, in particular in starch or its derivatives, digestible and indigestible vegetable fibers, vegetable proteins and lipids.
- the composition is in the form of granules.
- the compound of general formula (I) can in this case be incorporated into the granule or adsorbed on the surface thereof.
- a compound of general formula (I) When a compound of general formula (I) is incorporated into the granule, it is generally added in an organic vehicle, such as sunflower oil or modified or mineral corn starch, for example a zeolite or calcium carbonate in a food raw material, generally a flour obtained from a mixture of raw materials of various vegetable origin (wheat and its derivatives, barley, corn, beet pulp, alfalfa, sunflower and soybean meal) , containing vitamins and trace elements, then after mixing, subjected to granulation under conventional granulation conditions, preferably using a pellet press.
- the compound of general formula (I) can be adsorbed on the surface of the granules by any known means, in particular by spraying.
- the granules can be intended for feeding suckling rabbits or young rabbits after weaning.
- they advantageously contain the compound of general formula (I) in a concentration of between 10 "9 and 10 " 4 g per gram of total composition so as to release the compound of general formula (I) excreted in the secretions of the rabbit in an amount greater than the basal amount, and promote the attraction of newborn rabbits to the maternal udder.
- the composition in the form of granules advantageously contains the compound of general formula (I) in a concentration of between 10 "9 and 10 " 4 g per gram of total composition and is intended to be directly ingested by the young rabbit , the presence of the compound of general formula (I) promoting either the attraction of the young rabbit towards the food and therefore the quantity of food ingested and the growth, or the health of the young rabbit.
- young rabbit is meant a rabbit about 10 days to 13 weeks old.
- the incorporation of the compound of general formula (I) in the food of the rabbit allows either to increase the quantity of food ingested thanks to the signals emitted by the compound of general formula (I) in the direction of the smell of the young rabbit, and therefore will promote its growth, or improve its health.
- the composition for feeding rabbits is in liquid form.
- the composition may in particular be in the form of drinking water for breeding rabbits and comprise from 10 "9 g / ml to 10 " 4 g / ml of the compound of general formula (I) in solution in water.
- the composition may also consist of water intended to be absorbed by the young rabbit and contain from 10 "9 g / ml to 10 " 4 g / ml of the compound of general formula (I) in solution in water.
- the liquid composition advantageously contains an emulsifying agent or a co-solvent compatible with feeding rabbits.
- the liquid composition may be in the form of an artificial or reconstituted milk intended for feeding the young rabbit before weaning and whose composition differs from that of rabbit milk.
- the compound of general formula (I) is present in an amount between 10 ⁇ 9 g / ml and 10 "4 g / ml of milk.
- artificial milk is meant either sterilized rabbit milk whose composition differs from milk in that it does not include germs (pathogenic or not), or a milk reconstituted from derivatives of cow's milk diluted for obtain a liquid whose macro-nutrient composition is close to that of rabbit milk.
- the resulting artificial milk is richer in lactose than rabbit milk.
- food whether in liquid or solid form, intended for rabbits, in particular for breeding females and young rabbits, generally contains vitamins, added minerals (i.e. in addition to those naturally found in raw materials), food flavors and sometimes medicines, including antibiotics, anticoccidials or others.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of a compound of formula (I), preferably 2-methyl-but-2-enal, as a food additive for feeding rabbits, in particular feeding rabbits breeding and feeding of newborn rabbits aged 1 to 10 days or young rabbits aged 10 days to 13 weeks.
- a compound of formula (I) preferably 2-methyl-but-2-enal
- the invention also relates to a method intended to increase the intake of food by the young rabbit, comprising the incorporation in a food composition for young rabbits or breeding females of 10 "9 g to 10 " 4 g of a compound of general formula (I) per g of total food composition.
- said compound of general formula (I) is 2-methyl-but-2-enal.
- the invention further relates to a method for reducing the mortality of young rabbits or young rabbits comprising administering to rabbits or young rabbits a composition comprising from 10 "9 to 10 " 4 g of a compound of general formula (I) per g of composition.
- said compound of general formula (I) is 2-methyl-but-2-enal.
- FIG. 1 shows the response sequence of a newborn rabbit looking for and grabbing a glass funnel emitting 2-methyl-but-2-enal;
- FIG. 2 shows the gas chromatographic profile of the volatile fraction of milk and the cumulative olfactometric responses of rabbits associated with gas chromatography.
- the abscissa shows the retention times and the ordinate shows the number of olfactometric responses (bottom of the figure) and the signal intensity of the flame ionization detector (upper part of the figure) respectively.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram illustrating the frequency of search / capture responses of the glass rod impregnated with each of the 22 reactogenic compounds identified in milk, in newborn rabbits;
- FIG. 4 shows the selective bioactivity profiles of 2-methyl-but-2-enal tested against (A): diluents, (B): volatile compounds not identified in rabbit milk, (C): compounds volatiles not present in rabbit milk but previously identified in rabbit exocrine secretions and (D) volatile compounds found neither in milk nor in glandular secretions of rabbits;
- FIG. 5 shows the frequency diagram of the search / capture responses of the glass rod impregnated with 2-methyl-but-2-enal for rabbits of different strains (A) and breeds (B);
- Figure 6 represents histograms showing the consumption of granules by young rabbits before and after weaning (Figure 6A), the evolution of the weight of young rabbits before and after weaning ( Figure 6B) and the mortality of young rabbits after weaning ( Figure 6C) for rabbits having been fed with a standard food, having received or not 2-methyl-but-2-enal spray.
- Rabbit milk (30 g) was poured into a flask immersed in a water bath at 40 ° C.
- a stream of nitrogen was passed for two hours through the sample through a microporous glass at a flow rate of 100 ml per minute and directed towards a Tenax trap (TA, 20-35 mesh, preconditioned in a gas flow inert for 10 x 20 minutes at 240 ° C).
- the trap was then purged with a stream of dry nitrogen (100 ml / minute) for two minutes to remove residual moisture.
- Chrompack TCP- cp-40-10 injector (Middlevier, Netherlands) placed on an HP 4890 gas chromatograph (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, California) and purged in the opposite direction to that used during adsorption.
- the volatiles are desorbed by heating the Tenax and then condensed in a capillary tube cooled with liquid nitrogen (- 130 ° C) placed before a C 20 M chromatographic column (30 m, 0.5 ⁇ , 0.32 mm J and W Scienfic, Folsom California).
- CPG coupling gas chromatography
- OM olfactometric measurement
- the cumulative frequency of the two responses made it possible to determine 22 regions active on the chromatographic profiles ( Figure 2).
- the active compounds corresponding to the peaks located in these regions were identified by mass spectrometry from the volatile fraction of the milk of rabbits.
- the identified compounds were systematically screened for their behavioral activity on rabbits aged 2 to 4 days (use of pure compounds).
- the test consisted in presenting glass rods, held immobilized by hand, with glass rods on which 30 ⁇ l of each compound were placed at a dilution of 10 "6 g / ml in a water / ethanol solvent (1000: 1)
- a single compound: 2-methyl-but-2-enal made it possible to obtain a considerably higher rate of the two types of response than all the other volatile compounds identified in milk for their presumed activity (fig. 3).
- the range of effective concentrations of 2-methyl-but-2-enal was analyzed by exposing 2- to 5-day-old rabbits to the end of a glass stick dipped in an aqueous solution of 2-methyl-but -2-enal. At concentrations above 10 "3 g / ml the efficacy of 2-methyl-but-2-enal decreases drastically. The minimum effective concentration of 2-methyl-but-2-enal is between 10 " 8 and 10 "9 g / ml.
- Beauchamp et al can be considered as a pheromone any compound (or mixture of compounds) chemically simple emitted by an individual which induces a precise endocrine or behavioral response in an individual receptor of the same species; these responses must have a clear functional meaning, have an invariable form in variable contexts, and be minimally influenced by postnatal learning.
- An additional condition is that these responses must be caused by the target compound (or mixture of compounds) and not by alternative mechanisms involving non-chemo-sensory systems, non-specific excitation or effects linked to novelty.
- a sixth criterion relating to the species specificity of the emission of the odor of the odorous signal has been added.
- 2-methyl-but-2-enal continued to elicit a search / capture response in 86 and 65% of the rabbits tested, respectively .
- the response to 2-methyl-but-2-enal is highly selective in the young rabbit before weaning.
- the selectivity of 2-methyl-but-2-enal was also evaluated against odorous substances to which the young rabbits could have been exposed beforehand in utero and in lacto, in particular from the food of pregnant females.
- the species specificity of the compound has also been examined by exposure to 2-methyl-but-2-enal of newborns belonging to species more or less distant from the genus Oryctolagus.
- the newborns tested belonged to the Lagomorphs, namely Lepus europaeus, and to more distant taxa (Rattus rattus, Mus musculus, and Felis cattus). None of these neonates tested to date has shown reactivity towards the target compound, which indicates a species specificity of the coupling between the 2-methyl-but-2-enal stimulus and the search / capture response. (figure 5).
- EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of a composition for feeding rabbits containing 2-methyl-but-2-enal and behavioral tests.
- a 200 kg mixture was made from raw materials commonly used in rabbit feeding: wheat (14%), barley (10%), beet pulp (21%), alfalfa (35%), brown crab sunflower (17%), mixture of vitamins and minerals (0.5%), calcium phosphate (0.5%), calcium carbonate (1.5%), salt (0.5%).
- the authors of the invention studied the adsorbing power of two organic matrices (sunflower oil, purified corn starch) and two mineral matrices (zeolite and calcium carbonate), diluted to 0.5% in the base mixture (i.e. 125 g of matrix for 25 kg of food).
- the incorporation of 2-methyl-but-2-enal directly into the food after dilution in water has also been studied.
- 2-methyl-but-2-enal was incorporated at a final concentration of 10 "5 g / g before granulation, ie 0.25 g per 25 kg of food.
- the aqueous solution also was studied at the final concentration of 10 "4 g / g (or 2.5 g for 25 kg of food).
- the preparation of the matrices was carried out as follows: - Sunflower oil: The desired quantity of pure 2-methyl-but-2-enal (0.25 g) was mixed with the oil (125 g) under a magnetic stirrer.
- the basic mixture in the form of flour was then divided into 25 kg fractions.
- the 125 g of matrix or water previously "odourized” with 2-methyl-but-2-enal were mixed manually with 1 kg of flour, then mechanically mixed (mixer) with the remaining 24 kg of flour, for 4 6 minutes.
- the mixer was "cleaned” between each preparation.
- the different fractions have then granulated, going from the least concentrated fraction (white food) to the most concentrated (lO ⁇ g / g).
- a sample of granulated food (approximately 2 kg) was collected immediately after leaving the press in an insulated bottle and the temperature of the granules was measured for each of the mixtures.
- the inventors studied the reactivity of newborn rabbits, aged 1 to 3 days, to the presentation of a commercial food, a white food, an odorized granule prepared as described above or a glass rod impregnated with a solution of 2-methyl-but-2-enal at 10 ⁇ 6 g / g of solution. Oral activation tests were carried out on each rabbit before feeding.
- Table 2 Result of behavioral tests with granules manufactured for less than 3 days
- the maternity cages are divided into two compartments in order to be able to dissociate the consumption of solid food of the rabbits from that of the mother.
- the experimental treatment is maintained until D42. All rabbits are then given the same standard unsprayed feed.
- the odorization of solid food has no influence on the consumption, weight gain and mortality of young rabbits before weaning.
- over the fattening period J29-70:
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20020704892 EP1363503A1 (fr) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-02-25 | Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR01/02752 | 2001-02-28 | ||
FR0102752A FR2821243B1 (fr) | 2001-02-28 | 2001-02-28 | Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002067693A1 true WO2002067693A1 (fr) | 2002-09-06 |
Family
ID=8860568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2002/000687 WO2002067693A1 (fr) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-02-25 | Composition pour l'alimentation des lapins |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1363503A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2821243B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002067693A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2225956A1 (fr) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-09-08 | Nestec S.A. | Compositions d'aliments en gel |
US20130072570A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Interomone Compositions and Their Use to Modify Behavior in Different Vertebrate Species |
US20130210927A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-08-15 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Method of Administering an Interomone to an Animal to Modify the Animals Behavior over an Extended Period of Time |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2118420A (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1983-11-02 | Licencia Talalmanyokat | Fodder additive for the keeping of small animals and a process for the improvement of the meat quality |
WO1995011597A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-05-04 | Setaelae Jouko | Procede de distribution d'un aliment, et aliment |
FR2788198A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-07-13 | Tech Animales Bureau Des | Aliment granule compose complet riche en fibres destine a l'alimentation du lapin en situation sanitaire delicate |
DE19900476A1 (de) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-13 | Ruediger Bode | Flüssiges Futtermittel oder Zusatzfuttermittel |
-
2001
- 2001-02-28 FR FR0102752A patent/FR2821243B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-25 WO PCT/FR2002/000687 patent/WO2002067693A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-25 EP EP20020704892 patent/EP1363503A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2118420A (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1983-11-02 | Licencia Talalmanyokat | Fodder additive for the keeping of small animals and a process for the improvement of the meat quality |
WO1995011597A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-05-04 | Setaelae Jouko | Procede de distribution d'un aliment, et aliment |
DE19900476A1 (de) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-13 | Ruediger Bode | Flüssiges Futtermittel oder Zusatzfuttermittel |
FR2788198A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-07-13 | Tech Animales Bureau Des | Aliment granule compose complet riche en fibres destine a l'alimentation du lapin en situation sanitaire delicate |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
HUDSON R, AND DISTEL, H.: "On the nature and action of the nipple search pheromone: a review", ADVANCES IN THE BIOSCIENCES. SYMPOSIUM, vol. 93, 1994, pages 223 - 232, XP001031480 * |
HUDSON, R., SCHAAL, B., AND BILKO, A.: "Transmission of olfactory information from mother to young in the european rabbit", SYMPOSIUM OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON; MAMMALIAN SOCIAL LEARNING:; COMPARATIVE AND ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES, vol. 72, 1999, Cambridge, UK, pages 141 - 157, XP001041487 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2225956A1 (fr) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-09-08 | Nestec S.A. | Compositions d'aliments en gel |
US20130072570A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Interomone Compositions and Their Use to Modify Behavior in Different Vertebrate Species |
US20130210927A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-08-15 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Method of Administering an Interomone to an Animal to Modify the Animals Behavior over an Extended Period of Time |
US8741965B2 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2014-06-03 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Method of administering a pheromone composition to an animal to modify the animals behavior over an extended period of time |
EP2757902A1 (fr) * | 2011-09-20 | 2014-07-30 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Compositions d'interomone et leur utilisation pour modifier le comportement chez différentes espèces vertébrées |
EP2757902A4 (fr) * | 2011-09-20 | 2015-03-18 | Sergeants Pet Care Prod Inc | Compositions d'interomone et leur utilisation pour modifier le comportement chez différentes espèces vertébrées |
AU2012312310B2 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2016-04-28 | Sergeants Pet Care Products, Inc. | Interomone compositions and their use to modify behavior in different vertebrate species |
US9750691B2 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2017-09-05 | Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. | Pheromone compositions and their use to modify behavior in different vertebrate species |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1363503A1 (fr) | 2003-11-26 |
FR2821243B1 (fr) | 2004-12-24 |
FR2821243A1 (fr) | 2002-08-30 |
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