US4438474A - Current limiter and VAR generator utilizing a superconducting coil - Google Patents
Current limiter and VAR generator utilizing a superconducting coil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4438474A US4438474A US06/377,524 US37752482A US4438474A US 4438474 A US4438474 A US 4438474A US 37752482 A US37752482 A US 37752482A US 4438474 A US4438474 A US 4438474A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- current
- superconducting
- unidirectional voltage
- phase alternating
- poly
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1807—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
- H02H9/023—Current limitation using superconducting elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/85—Protective circuit
Definitions
- This invention relates, generally, to a high power current control device and more particularly to current limiting as well as static VAR generation by utilizing a superconducting coil.
- the above-mentioned patents either require that the superconductor be part of a saturable reactor core biasing scheme and, therefore require additional components such as reactor cores, or that they lose their superconductivity during excess current conditions or initiation of a switching operation to insert resistive elements.
- the above-mentioned patents do not provide means for or envisage power factor control on a relatively rapidly changing basis to accommodate different load conditions.
- a current control device is used for limiting and controlling current in an electrical transmission system.
- An electrical power source is used with a plurality of unidirectional devices connected with at least one superconducting impedance device so that current produced by a current generator is caused to flow in the superconductor in one direction only.
- a current generating device is connected to the superconducting impedance device for circulating a current in the superconducting impedance device.
- the unidirectional voltage device and the superconducting impedance device is connected with the power source so that the portion of current introduced by the power source which exceeds the value of the current produced by a current generator is impeded by inductance in the superconducting device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the current limiter and VAR generator of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an alternate embodiment of the present invention also in schematic diagram form.
- FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is shown. Shown here is part of a high voltage transmission system and in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is one phase of a three-phase alternating current system.
- a voltage source V S is shown as measured between the line side L and the neutral leg N and would be supplied power from an upstream power source such as a substation, distribution network or power generation plant.
- the voltage source V S supplies power to a load V L which is downstream of the current control device 9.
- Serially inserted in the line said L is a full wave bridge diode network comprised of diode strings 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d.
- the full wave bridge circuit comprised of the diode string 14a-d is serially inserted in the line side L of the transmission system at the full wave bridge input terminals 30.
- a superconductor cutout switch 16 Connected to the full wave bridge output terminals 32 is a superconductor cutout switch 16, a superconducting coil 10 and a bias supply shown generally at 12 which utilizes bias supply thyristors 13.
- a bypass switch 21 Also connected to the full wave bridge input terminals 30 is a bypass switch 21.
- a transient control network 17 which is comprised of a current limiting resistor 18 and a non-linear resistor 20.
- a circuit breaker 22 Also serially inserted in the load side is a circuit breaker 22.
- the coil current I C which is introduced and maintained by the bias supply 12, is sized so as to exceed the line current I S .
- the value of the line current I S is the design value for the load (not shown) and may be, for example, the steady state current or the maximum permissible current in the system. Since all the diodes of the diode string 14a-d conduct current, the voltage drop across the current control device 9 is essentially zero with the result that the AC circuit current I S flows unimpeded. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the value of the current circulating in the superconductor 10 by the bias supply 12 limits the value of the line current I S .
- the inductor 10 will immediately act to limit the rate of increase of current.
- the inductance of the superconducting coil 10 much greater than the AC system's source inductance (not shown) a very slow increase of fault current can be obtained. It is also obvious to one skilled in the art, however, that once a fault current does exist, the superconducting coil 10 cannot limit the current indefinitely. Therefore, the circuit breaker 22 would be opened to limit the current within a reasonable time and in a preferred embodiment of the present invention would be after one or two cycles of fault current. This would therefore provide sufficient time for the circuit breaker 22 to detect and interrupt the current flow.
- the superconductor cutout switch 16 is provided to permit protection of the coil 10 and its cooling system (not shown) for possible failures which may occur during operating conditions.
- a bypass switch 21 is provided to completely bypass the current control device 9 should such an occurrence be necessary.
- a non-linear resistor 20 is utilized to limit the instantaneous peak voltage developed across the diode string 14 under fault conditions with the current limiting resistor 18 used to permit higher fault currents to flow should this contingency be necessary.
- Each leg of the diode string 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d is comprised, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, of a series connection of diodes so as to accommodate high voltage stress which may occur during a fault condition.
- the bias supply 12 inserts a voltage which is low with respect to the supply or load voltage V S and V L , respectively, into the superconducting coil 10.
- the current inserted by the bias supply 12 is related to the desired value of source current such that the current in, for example, diode string 14a would be (I C +I S )/2 while the current in diode string 14c would be (I C -I S )/2.
- the bias supply thyristors 13, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, are part of a three-phase thyristor converter (not shown).
- the bias supply 12 may be operated from an appropriate transformer source so as to perform as a superconducting VAR generator as described in "Application of Superconducting Coils to VAR Control in Electric Power Systems: A Proposal" by H. J. Boening and W. V. Hassenress in Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Proposal No. LA-8055-P and which is incorporated by reference herein.
- the bias supply 12 it is relatively easy to utilize the bias supply 12 in conjunction with the current control device 9 to provide VAR generator control as well as current limiting.
- FIG. 2 an alternate embodiment of the present invention is shown. Again the current control device 9' is serially inserted in the line side L of the transmission system. However this time, two superconducting coils 10' and two sets of diode strings 14a' and 14b' are utilized. The bias supply 12' is also utilized to circulate current in the current control device. Similarly, as in FIG. 1 VAR generator control may also be utilized.
- the transmission system of the present invention may be a poly-phase system, a single-phase system or part of a DC transmission network.
- the number of diodes in the diode string may be varied so as to accommodate different voltages in transmission systems and could encompass the use of a single diode for each leg of the network.
- different biasing supplies or methods for inserting and trapping current in the superconductors may also be utilized.
- the number of bypass, cutout or other types of switches may be varied depending upon individual circumstances.
- the number of circuit breakers may be varied as well as the positioning of the circuit breaker or the switches.
- the protective devices of FIG. 1 may be added to FIG. 2 or the control transient network may be modified or eliminated as circumstances warrant.
- the disclosed invention produces a relatively inexpensive, easy to manufacture current control system. Additionally the present invention is automatic, providing instantaneous operation at values of overcurrent only slightly greater than normal loads, while not requiring any sensing or control means, thereby further reducing system complexity as well as providing significantly reliable performance.
Abstract
Description
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/377,524 US4438474A (en) | 1982-05-12 | 1982-05-12 | Current limiter and VAR generator utilizing a superconducting coil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/377,524 US4438474A (en) | 1982-05-12 | 1982-05-12 | Current limiter and VAR generator utilizing a superconducting coil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4438474A true US4438474A (en) | 1984-03-20 |
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US06/377,524 Expired - Fee Related US4438474A (en) | 1982-05-12 | 1982-05-12 | Current limiter and VAR generator utilizing a superconducting coil |
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Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4490769A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-12-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Solid-state circuit breaker with current limiting characteristic using a superconducting coil |
FR2572227A1 (en) * | 1984-10-24 | 1986-04-25 | Alsthom Atlantique | DEVICE FOR LIMITING THE SPEED OF VARIATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE CURRENT PROVIDED BY A SUPERCONDUCTING GENERATOR |
GB2225164A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Marconi Co Ltd | Current limiting device |
US4961066A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-10-02 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | Fault current limiter |
US4962354A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1990-10-09 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Superconductive voltage stabilizer |
US5159261A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1992-10-27 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Superconducting energy stabilizer with charging and discharging DC-DC converters |
US5194803A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1993-03-16 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Superconductive voltage stabilizer having improved current switch |
US5376828A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1994-12-27 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Shunt connected superconducting energy stabilizing system |
US5519264A (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1996-05-21 | Emc Corporation | Inrush current limiter |
US5815387A (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1998-09-29 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Transformer protective apparatus having semiconductor and mechanical bypass means |
US6147845A (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2000-11-14 | Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. | System interconnection device and method of designing same |
US6229722B1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 2001-05-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Multiple inverter system |
US6377478B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2002-04-23 | Toshiba International Corporation | Inverter device |
KR100382286B1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2003-05-01 | 한국전력공사 | Superconducting faulting current limiter using thin films having semiconductor switch |
KR20030062596A (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-28 | 한병성 | High-Tc Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Controlling the Amplitude of Fault Current Using Thyristor |
KR100501802B1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2005-07-20 | 이성룡 | High-Tc Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Controlling Amplitude of the Applied Magnetic Field Using Power Switch |
US20070253131A1 (en) * | 2004-12-04 | 2007-11-01 | Klaus-Peter Juengst | Current limiter for limiting current in case of a fault |
US20080180044A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-07-31 | Yi-Mei Li | LED driver circuit |
US20090067101A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Method and System for Limiting a Current in an Alternating Current Generator |
US20090289267A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2009-11-26 | Burdalski Robert J | Solid state led bridge rectifier light engine |
US20120087049A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2012-04-12 | Komatsu Hiroyoshi | Low-frequency circuit breaker |
US20220344116A1 (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-10-27 | Anhui Onesky Electric Tech. Co. Ltd | System for limiting a peak current of short-circuit current |
-
1982
- 1982-05-12 US US06/377,524 patent/US4438474A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4490769A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-12-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Solid-state circuit breaker with current limiting characteristic using a superconducting coil |
FR2572227A1 (en) * | 1984-10-24 | 1986-04-25 | Alsthom Atlantique | DEVICE FOR LIMITING THE SPEED OF VARIATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE CURRENT PROVIDED BY A SUPERCONDUCTING GENERATOR |
EP0183044A1 (en) * | 1984-10-24 | 1986-06-04 | Alsthom | Device for limiting the changing rate of an alternating current delivered by a superconducting generator |
US4961066A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-10-02 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | Fault current limiter |
GB2225164A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Marconi Co Ltd | Current limiting device |
US4962354A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1990-10-09 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Superconductive voltage stabilizer |
US5159261A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1992-10-27 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Superconducting energy stabilizer with charging and discharging DC-DC converters |
US5194803A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1993-03-16 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Superconductive voltage stabilizer having improved current switch |
US5376828A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1994-12-27 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Shunt connected superconducting energy stabilizing system |
US5514915A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1996-05-07 | Superconductivity, Inc. | Shunt connected superconducting energy stabilizing system |
US5519264A (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1996-05-21 | Emc Corporation | Inrush current limiter |
US5559660A (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1996-09-24 | Emc Corporation | Inrush current limiter |
US5815387A (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1998-09-29 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Transformer protective apparatus having semiconductor and mechanical bypass means |
US6229722B1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 2001-05-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Multiple inverter system |
US6147845A (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2000-11-14 | Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. | System interconnection device and method of designing same |
US6377478B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2002-04-23 | Toshiba International Corporation | Inverter device |
KR100382286B1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2003-05-01 | 한국전력공사 | Superconducting faulting current limiter using thin films having semiconductor switch |
KR100501802B1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2005-07-20 | 이성룡 | High-Tc Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Controlling Amplitude of the Applied Magnetic Field Using Power Switch |
KR20030062596A (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-28 | 한병성 | High-Tc Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Controlling the Amplitude of Fault Current Using Thyristor |
US20070253131A1 (en) * | 2004-12-04 | 2007-11-01 | Klaus-Peter Juengst | Current limiter for limiting current in case of a fault |
US7327542B2 (en) * | 2004-12-04 | 2008-02-05 | Forschungazentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Current limiter for limiting current in case of a fault |
US8314565B2 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2012-11-20 | Lighting Science Group Corporation | Solid state LED bridge rectifier light engine |
US8384299B1 (en) | 2005-05-27 | 2013-02-26 | Lighting Science Group Corporation | Solid state LED bridge rectifier light engine |
US20090289267A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2009-11-26 | Burdalski Robert J | Solid state led bridge rectifier light engine |
TWI462653B (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2014-11-21 | 安恩國際公司 | Led driving circuit for stabilizing luminance |
US7863825B2 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2011-01-04 | Addtek Corp. | LED driver circuit for providing desired luminance with constant current |
US20080180044A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-07-31 | Yi-Mei Li | LED driver circuit |
RU2461112C2 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2012-09-10 | Сименс Энерджи, Инк. | Method and system for current limitation in ac generator |
US20090067101A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Method and System for Limiting a Current in an Alternating Current Generator |
US20120087049A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2012-04-12 | Komatsu Hiroyoshi | Low-frequency circuit breaker |
US9263880B2 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2016-02-16 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems | Low-frequency circuit breaker |
US9646795B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2017-05-09 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation | Low-frequency circuit breaker |
US20220344116A1 (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-10-27 | Anhui Onesky Electric Tech. Co. Ltd | System for limiting a peak current of short-circuit current |
US11600460B2 (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2023-03-07 | Anhui Onesky Electric Tech. Co. Ltd | System for limiting a peak current of short-circuit current |
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Owner name: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION; WESTINGHOUSE BU Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PAICE, DEREK A.;REEL/FRAME:003996/0765 Effective date: 19820506 |
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