US20110112507A1 - Curable material delivery systems and methods - Google Patents
Curable material delivery systems and methods Download PDFInfo
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- US20110112507A1 US20110112507A1 US12/615,606 US61560609A US2011112507A1 US 20110112507 A1 US20110112507 A1 US 20110112507A1 US 61560609 A US61560609 A US 61560609A US 2011112507 A1 US2011112507 A1 US 2011112507A1
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/0102—Insertion or introduction using an inner stiffening member, e.g. stylet or push-rod
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8802—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
- A61B17/8805—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
- A61B17/8819—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it characterised by the introducer proximal part, e.g. cannula handle, or by parts which are inserted inside each other, e.g. stylet and cannula
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/885—Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein
- A61B17/8852—Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein capable of being assembled or enlarged, or changing shape, inside the bone or disc
- A61B17/8855—Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein capable of being assembled or enlarged, or changing shape, inside the bone or disc inflatable, e.g. kyphoplasty balloons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0068—Static characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. shape, atraumatic tip, curved tip or tip structure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/062—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for penetration depth
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M2025/0008—Catheters; Hollow probes having visible markings on its surface, i.e. visible to the naked eye, for any purpose, e.g. insertion depth markers, rotational markers or identification of type
Definitions
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view of the cannula assembly and a delivery tube portion of the system of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 7D is a side view of the cannula assembly and the delivery tube in a third delivery arrangement
- the mid-cavity depth indicator 94 a establishes a delivery tube effective working length L T relative to the distal tip 90 corresponding with in-use location(s) of the working end 62 as described below. Stated otherwise, the delivery tube effective working length L T is within the range of the minimum and maximum cavity-forming device effective working lengths L F1 , L F2 as illustrated in FIG. 7B .
Abstract
A distal end of a cannula immediately proximate a target site within bone. A portion of a cavity-forming device is extended through the cannula and distally beyond the distal end, and then operated to form a cavity at the target site. A track is defined in tissue of the target site between the distal end of the cannula and the cavity. The cavity-forming device is removed from the cannula, and replaced with a delivery tube. A distal tip of the delivery tube is directed distally beyond the distal end of the cannula, through the track and into the cavity. Finally, a material (e.g., a curable material) is delivered through the delivery tube and into the cavity. The cannula can remain stationary following initial insertion, and curable material is not directly deposited into the normally occurring “dead space”.
Description
- The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for stabilizing bone structures. More particularly, it relates to systems and methods for delivering a curable, stabilizing material into a bone structure such as vertebral body.
- Surgical intervention at damaged or compromised bone sites has proven highly beneficial for patients, for example patients with back pain associated with vertebral damage.
- Bones of the human skeletal system include mineralized tissue that can be generally categorized into two morphological groups: “cortical” bone and “cancellous” bone. Outer walls of all bones are composed of cortical bone, which has a dense, compact bone structure characterized by a microscopic porosity. Cancellous or “trabecular” bone forms the interior structure of bones. Cancellous bone is composed of a lattice of interconnected slender rods and plates known by the term “trabeculae.”
- During certain bone-related procedures, cancellous bone is supplemented by an injection of a palliative (or curative) material employed to stabilize the trabeculae. For example, superior and inferior vertebrae in the spine can be beneficially stabilized by the injection of an appropriate, curable material (e.g., PMMA or other bone cement or bone curable material). In other procedures, percutaneous injection of stabilization material into vertebral compression fractures, by, for example, transpedicular or parapedicular approaches, has proven beneficial in relieving pain and stabilizing damaged bone sites. Other skeletal bones (e.g., the femur) can be treated in a similar fashion. Regardless, bone in general, and cancellous bone in particular, can be strengthened and stabilized by palliative insertion or injection of bone-compatible material.
- Using vertebroplasty as a non-limiting example, a conventional technique for delivering the bone stabilizing material entails placing a cannula with an internal stylet into the targeted delivery site. The cannula and stylet are used in conjunction to pierce the cutaneous layers of a patient above the hard tissue to be supplemented, then to penetrate the hard cortical bone of the vertebra, and finally to traverse into the softer cancellous bone underlying the cortical bone. Once positioned in the cancellous bone, the stylet is then removed, leaving the cannula in the appropriate position for delivery of curable material to the trabecular space of the vertebra that in turn reinforces and solidifies the target site.
- In some instances, an effectiveness of the procedure can be enhanced by forming a cavity or void within the cancellous bone, and then depositing the curable material in the cavity. The cavity can be formed in various manners (e.g., mechanical cutting or shearing of cancellous tissue, expansion of a balloon or other expandable device to compress cancellous bone, etc.). Regardless, to minimize the duration of the procedure and number of tools required, it is desirable to use the same cannula to first deliver the cavity-forming device and subsequently to delivery the curable material. Stated otherwise, one desirable procedure entails initially locating a distal end of the cannula immediately adjacent the target site. The cavity-forming device is then delivered through the cannula and to the target site, and then operated to form the cavity. While the cavity will have an enlarged width (e.g., diameter) as compared to a diameter of the cannula, a smaller width “track” or “dead space” in the cancellous bone between the distal end of the cannula and the cavity normally exists. The cavity-forming device is removed from the cannula, and curable material delivered to the target site via the cannula.
- To get the curable material to fill the cavity, the surgeon can either inject the curable material through the cannula and the dead space to reach the cavity, or push the cannula through the dead space until the distal end is in the cavity before delivering the curable material. Under the first approach, curable material is deposited into the dead space, and may undesirably solidify or attach to the cannula itself. Further, the dead space represents an uncontrolled volume that may negatively affect the surgeon's evaluation of whether a necessary volume has been delivered to the cavity. With the second approach, it may be difficult for the surgeon to accurately re-position the cannula within the cavity and/or may cause unintended damage to the tissue surrounding the cavity and/or the cannula itself.
- In light of the above, there exists a need in the medical device field for improved systems and methods for delivering stabilizing material to damaged or compromised bone sites.
- Some aspects in accordance with principles of the present disclosure relate to methods for delivering a material to a surgical target site of a patient. The method includes inserting a distal end of a cannula immediately proximate the target site. The cannula defines a lumen. A portion of a cavity-forming device is extended through the lumen and distally beyond the distal end. The cavity-forming device is then operated to form a cavity at the target site. In this regard, a track is defined in tissue of the target site between the distal end of the cannula and the cavity, with a width of the track being less than a width of the cavity. The cavity-forming device is removed from the cannula, and replaced with a delivery tube. A distal tip of the delivery tube is directed distally beyond the distal end of the cannula, through the track and into the cavity. Finally, a material (e.g., a curable material) is delivered through the delivery tube and into the cavity. With the above techniques, the cannula can remain stationary following initial insertion relative to the target site, and curable material is not directly deposited into the normally occurring “dead space”.
- Other aspects in accordance with principles of the present disclosure relate to a system for delivering material into a target site of the patient. The system includes a cannula, a cavity-forming device, a delivery tube, and a source of filling material. The cannula defines a lumen and a distal end. The cavity-forming device includes an elongated body terminating at a distal working end. The elongated body is sized for slidable insertion within the lumen, with the cavity-forming device being configured to form a cavity in tissue of the target site with the working end when the working end is extended distal the cannula. The delivery tube is also sized for slidable insertion within the lumen, and terminates at a distal tip. Finally, the source of filling material is selectively fluidly connected to the delivery tube. With the above construction, the system can be arranged in a cavity-forming state and a material-delivering state. In the cavity-forming state, the elongated body is disposed within the lumen and the working end is distally located a predetermined distance from the distal end of the cannula. In the filling state, the delivery tube is disposed within the lumen and the distal tip is distally located at the predetermined distance from the distal end of the cannula. In some embodiments, the working end of the cavity-forming device includes an inflatable balloon. In other embodiments, the system further includes depth markings or indicators on the elongated body and the delivery tube that establish known positions relative to the cannula. With these embodiments, distal extension of the working end relative to the cannula distal end upon alignment of elongated body depth marking relative to the cannula corresponds with distal extension of the distal tip relative to the cannula distal end upon alignment of the delivery tube depth indicator relative to the cannula.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a curable material delivery system in accordance with principles of the present disclosure in conjunction with one possible target site; -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of cannula assembly and cavity-forming device portions of the system ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the cannula assembly and the cavity-forming device ofFIG. 2 in a pre-deployment arrangement; -
FIG. 3B is a side view of the cannula assembly and the cavity-forming device in a partial deployment arrangement; -
FIGS. 3C and 3D are side views of the cannula assembly and the cavity-forming device in a final deployment arrangement; -
FIG. 4 is a simplified side view of an alternative cavity-forming device useful with the system ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a side view of a syringe system useful with the cavity-forming device ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view of the cannula assembly and a delivery tube portion of the system ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional views of the cannula assembly and the delivery tube ofFIG. 6 in a first delivery arrangement; -
FIG. 7B is an enlarged side view of the cavity-forming device and the delivery tube of the system ofFIG. 1 , depicting a relationship between depth indicia provided with the two components; -
FIG. 7C is a side view of the cannula assembly and the delivery tube in a second delivery arrangement; -
FIG. 7D is a side view of the cannula assembly and the delivery tube in a third delivery arrangement; -
FIGS. 8A-8C are simplified side views of a portion of the system ofFIG. 1 in cavity-forming and delivery states; -
FIG. 9A is a simplified plan view of a portion of the curable material delivery system ofFIG. 1 employed in a palliative bone procedure in accordance with principles of the present disclosure; -
FIGS. 9B-9G are simplified lateral views of a vertebral body, illustrating use of the system in accordance with principles of the present disclosure; and -
FIG. 10 is a simplified anterior view of a spinal segment and illustrating use of the system ofFIG. 1 in performing another procedure in accordance with principles of the present disclosure. - One embodiment of a curable
material delivery system 10 in accordance with principles of the present disclosure is shown inFIG. 1 . Thesystem 10 includes acannula assembly 12, a cavity-formingdevice 14, adelivery tube 16, and a source of curable material 18. Details on the various components are provided below. In general terms, however, thecannula assembly 12 includes acannula 20 for insertion into a bone site of interest in a patient. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 1 , the bone site of interest is avertebra 30. Once thecannula 20 is desirably located relative to thebone site 30, a portion of the cavity-formingdevice 14 is delivered to thebone site 30 via thecannula 20, and operated to form a cavity. The cavity-formingdevice 14 is then replaced with thedelivery tube 16, such that a portion of thedelivery tube 16 extends distally beyond thecannula 20 and into the cavity. The curable material source 18 is then operated to deliver curable material to the cavity via thedelivery tube 16. Thesystem 10 overcomes the “dead space” issues presented by prior curable material delivery methodologies. - The
system 10 can be used for a number of different procedures, including, for example, vertebroplasty and other bone augmentation procedures in which curable material is delivered to a site within bone, as well as possibly to remove or aspirate material from a site within bone. Thesystem 10 is highly useful for delivering a curable material in the form of a bone curable material. The phrase “curable material” within the context of the substance that can be delivered by thesystem 10 of the present disclosure described herein is intended to refer to materials (e.g., composites, polymers, and the like) that have a fluid or flowable state or phase and a hardened, solid or cured state or phase. Curable materials include, but are not limited to, injectable bone cements (such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone curable material), which have a flowable state wherein they can be delivered (e.g., injected) by a cannula to a site and subsequently cure into hardened, cured material. Other materials such as a calcium phosphates, bone-in growth material, antibiotics, proteins, etc., can be used in place of, or to augment, bone cement (but do not affect an overriding characteristic of the resultant formulation having a flowable state and a hardened, solid, or cured state). This would allow the body to reabsorb the curable material and/or improve the clinical outcome based on the type of filler implant material. - As mentioned above, the
cannula assembly 12 includes thecannula 20. Thecannula 20 is provided to be positioned in (or immediately proximate) a target or injection site for delivery of curable material therein. Thecannula 20 is preferably made of a surgical grade of stainless steel, but may be made of known equivalent materials that are both biocompatible and substantially non-compliant at the expected operating pressures. Thecannula 20 defines aproximal portion 40, adistal end 42, and a lumen 44 (referenced generally) to allow various equipment, such as the cavity-formingdevice 14, thedelivery tube 16, a stylet (not shown), etc., to pass therethrough. In some embodiments, thedistal end 42 is curved or blunt, but can alternatively be beveled to ease the penetration of thecannula 20 through the cutaneous and soft tissues, and especially through hard tissues. - Surrounding the
proximal portion 40 of thecannula 20 is anoptional handle 46 for manipulating thecannula 20 and connecting thecannula 20 with one or both of the cavity-formingdevice 14 and/or thedelivery tube 16. In some constructions, thecannula assembly 12 further includes a handle connector 48. The handle connector 48 is fluidly connected to thelumen 44, and defines aproximal end 50 of thecannula 20. In some constructions, the handle connector 48 is simply an extension of thecannula 20. In other embodiments, the handle connector 48 can incorporate one or more additional components that are configured to interface with features of the cavity-formingdevice 14 and/or thedelivery tube 16 in establishing a locking mechanism of thesystem 10. With these optional embodiments, the handle connector 48 can include a luer-lock type of connector, but other known connecting mechanisms may be successfully interchanged, e.g., a conventional threaded hole, a threaded locking nut arrangement, etc. Acceptable examples of the connector/locking mechanism construction are provided in U.S. Publication No. 2007/0198024 entitled “Curable Material Delivery Device” and the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. Regardless, a cannula length LC (FIG. 2 ) is established as a distance between theproximal end 50 and thedistal end 42. - The cavity-forming
device 14 can assume various forms appropriate for forming a void or cavity within bone, and generally includes anelongated body 60 distally connected to or forming a workingend 62. Theelongated body 60 is sized to be slidably inserted within thelumen 44 of thecannula 20, and can include one or more tubes, shafts, etc., necessary for operation of the workingend 62. Regardless, aproximal region 64 of theelongated body 60 optionally includes one or more features providing length or depth information. For example, one ormore depth markings 66 can be formed along theproximal region 64 as illustrated inFIG. 2 . Thedepth markings 66 are provided at predetermined distances relative to the workingend 62, with the distances, in turn, having a predetermined relationship with the cannula length LC.The working end 62 can be described as providing adistal side 68 and aproximal side 70. With this in mind, a first depth marking 66 a can be provided at a distance from thedistal side 68 corresponding with the cannula length LC. As shown inFIG. 3A , then, when theelongated body 60 is inserted within thecannula lumen 44 and positioned such that the first depth marking 66 a (represented schematically inFIG. 3A ) is aligned with theproximal end 50 of thecannula 20, thedistal side 68 of the workingend 62 is immediately proximate thedistal end 42 of the cannula 20 (but still “inside” the cannula 20). - As shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3B , a second depth marking 66 b can also be provided, located at a distance from thedistal side 68 corresponding with the cannula length LC plus a length of the working end 62 (i.e., a distance between theproximal side 70 and the second depth marking 66 b corresponds with (e.g., is the same as) the cannula length LC). InFIG. 3B , when the second depth marking 66 b is aligned with theproximal end 50, theproximal side 70 of the workingend 62 is immediately distal thedistal end 42 of the cannula 20 (i.e., the workingend 62 extends distally from the cannula 20). - In addition, a third depth marking 66 c is provided as shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3C . The third depth marking 66 c is formed at a distance from thedistal side 68 corresponding with the cannula length LC plus a length of the workingend 62 and a clearance distance C (FIG. 3C ) (i.e., a distance between theproximal side 70 and the third depth marking 66 c corresponds with (e.g., is the same as) the cannula length LC plus the clearance distance C). The clearance distance C represents a spacing between theproximal side 70 and the cannuladistal end 42, and ensures that during operation, the workingend 62 will not contact (or be damaged by) thedistal end 42 of the cannuladistal end 42 as shown inFIG. 3D . For example, where the workingend 62 is a balloon, the clearance distance C ensures that with inflation, the working end/balloon 62 will not contact thecannula 20. Because the arrangement ofFIG. 3C reflects a desired, final deployment or placement of the workingend 62 relative to the cannuladistal end 42, the third depth marking 66 c can be referred to as the “final deployment depth marking”. While the first andsecond depth markings 66 a, 66 b are useful (as well as possibly other depth markings in addition to the final deployment depth marking 66 c), in other embodiments, only the final deployment depth marking 66 c is included. A hub 72 (shown inFIG. 2 ) such as a Y-adapter can be provided adjacent the final deployment depth marking 66 c (shown inFIG. 2 ), and in some constructions can serve as or replace the final deployment depth marking 66 c (e.g., with these alternative embodiments, when thehub 72 is aligned with the cannulaproximal end 50, the workingend 62 is at the clearance distance C relative to the cannula distal end 42). In fact, thehub 72 can establish a positive stop or lock with the cannulaproximal end 50 at the final deployment depth. Regardless, a cavity subsequently formed by the workingend 62 at the final deployment location will have a length approximately extending between thedistal side 68 and theproximal side 70. A location of the cavity can thus be defined as having a minimum distance D1 and a maximum distance D2 relative to the cannuladistal end 42. With these same in-use parameters in mind, an effective working length of the cavity-formingdevice 14 is established by the final deployment depth marking 66 c in a range from a minimum working length LF1 at theproximal side 70 to a maximum working length LF2 at thedistal side 68. - As an alternative (or in addition) to the
depth markings 66, theelongated body 62 can be connected to or form a cannula connector 74 as shown inFIG. 4 . The cannula connector 74 can assume various forms conducive for selective, rigid attachment to the alternative handle connector 48 (FIG. 1 ) as described above (e.g., the cannula connector 74 and the handle connector 48 collectively form a locking mechanism), and thus can include or contain a luer-lock threaded fitting. A length of theelongated body 60 between the workingend 62 and the cannula connector 74 is predetermined, and is longer than the cannula length LC (FIG. 2 ). More particularly, the cannula connector 74 is positioned along theelongated body 60 at the minimum and maximum effective working lengths LF1, LF2. With this construction, upon insertion of theelongated body 60 within thelumen 44 and coupling between the cannula connector 74 and the alternative handle connector 48, the workingend 62 projects distally beyond thedistal end 42 of thecannula 20 at a known or predetermined distal location as described above (i.e., establishes the cavity distances D1, D2 relative to the cannuladistal end 42 as shown inFIG. 3C ). - Returning to
FIG. 1 , the workingend 62 can include one or more components appropriate for forming a cavity or void within bone. For example, in some constructions, the workingend 62 includes one or more expandable or inflatable members (e.g., a balloon) constructed to transition between a contracted (e.g., deflated) state in which the workingend 62 can be passed through thelumen 44 and an expanded (e.g., inflated) state in which the workingend 62 expands and compacts contacted cancellous bone. Alternatively, the workingend 62 can include a radially expandable cutting-type structure that when exposed distally beyond the confines of thecannula 20 and rotated, impacts and cuts or pulverizes contacted bone. Other cavity-forming configurations, such as ultrasound, thermal, chemical, etc., are also envisioned. In more general terms, then, the workingend 62 can have any format that is deliverable through thelumen 44 and operable to form an increased-sized cavity (e.g., radial or width dimension greater than a radius or width of the cannula 20) at a known location relative to thedistal end 42 of thecannula 20. Thus, though not shown, the cavity-formingdevice 14 can include one or more additional components connected or operable through theproximal region 64 of theelongated body 60 for actuating the workingend 62. By way of one, non-limiting example, then, the cavity-formingdevice 14 can include a source (e.g., a manually-operable syringe) of pressurized fluid for inflating one or more balloons carried or formed by the workingend 62. For example,FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a syringe system 80 useful in creating pressurized flow of inflation medium. The system 80 includes aprimary syringe 82 carrying adisplay device 84. Thedisplay device 84 is electronically connected to a pressure sensor (not shown) located to sense pressure within thesyringe 82, and includes a screen 86 (e.g., a distal display) at which the currently sensed pressure is displayed. A memory component (not shown) and related microprocessor (not shown) is optionally further included with thedisplay device 84 and is programmed to store and display additional information at thescreen 86, such as the maximum sensed pressure over the course of a particular inflation operation. The maximum sensed pressure can be displayed on the screen at the same time as the currently sensed pressure. Knowing both pressures concurrently is beneficial during a procedure. Asecondary syringe 88 can also be included, and employed to prepare the working end/balloon 62 for insertion into the target bone site by removing air from the working end/balloon 62. - Returning to
FIG. 1 , thedelivery tube 16 is sized for insertion within thelumen 44, and defines adistal tip 90 and aproximal section 92. As described below, thedelivery tube 16 is employed to deliver curable material. Thus, thedelivery tube 16 has an outer diameter that is smaller than a diameter of thelumen 44 of thecannula 20; however, the outer diameter of thedelivery tube 16 should not be so small as to allow curable material to readily travel around the outside of thedelivery tube 16 and back into thecannula 20. Thedelivery tube 16 can be formed of any material appropriate for direct contact with the substance to be injected (e.g., bone cement). In some embodiments, the material selected for thedelivery tube 16 exhibits minimal bonding with bone cement, such as polypropylene. Alternatively, thedelivery tube 16 can be coated with anti-stick material (e.g., silicone). In yet other embodiments, an anti-sticking sheath is disposed over the delivery tube 16 (e.g., thedelivery tube 16 is a stainless steel tube, and a polypropylene sheath is applied over the tube 16). - Similar to the cavity-forming
device 14, thedelivery tube 16 includes, or is provided with, one or more features that provide length or depth information. For example and as best shown inFIG. 6 , one ormore depth indicators 94 can be formed along theproximal section 92 at distance(s) relating to the cannula length LC and one or both of the cavity distances D1, D2 (FIG. 3C ) defined by the cavity-formingdevice 14 relative to thecannula 20 described above, and in particular at distances correlating a location of thedistal tip 90 relative to the cannuladistal end 42. As described below, locations of thedepth indicators 94 relative to thedistal tip 90 are directly related to the cavity-forming device minimum and maximum working lengths LF1, LF2 (FIG. 2 ). - With reference to
FIGS. 6 and 7A , a mid-cavity depth indicator 94 a can be formed at a distance from thedistal tip 90 corresponding with the cannula length LC plus a desired dispensement depth DD. InFIG. 7A , then, when the mid-cavity depth indictor 94 a is aligned with the cannulaproximal end 50, thedistal tip 90 is located at the desired dispensement depth DD relative to the cannuladistal end 42. The dispensement depth DD established by the mid-cavity depth indicator 94 a reflects a location or depth of thedistal tip 90 relative to a cavity formed by the working end 62 (FIG. 3C ) and thus is between the minimum and maximum cavity distances D1, D2 (FIG. 3C ). The mid-cavity depth indicator 94 a establishes a delivery tube effective working length LT relative to thedistal tip 90 corresponding with in-use location(s) of the workingend 62 as described below. Stated otherwise, the delivery tube effective working length LT is within the range of the minimum and maximum cavity-forming device effective working lengths LF1, LF2 as illustrated inFIG. 7B . - With reference to
FIGS. 6 and 7C , a proximal cavityend depth indicator 94 b can be provided. The proximal cavityend depth indicator 94 b is formed at a distance from thedistal tip 90 corresponding with (e.g., equal to) the cavity-forming device minimum effective working length LF1 (FIG. 3C ). Thus, when the proximal cavityend depth indicator 94 b is aligned with the cannula proximal end 50 (as inFIG. 7C ), thedistal tip 90 is located at the minimum cavity distance D1 relative to the cannuladistal end 42. - With reference to
FIGS. 6 and 7D , a distal cavityend depth indicator 94 c can also be provided. The proximal cavityend depth indicator 94 c is formed at a distance from thedistal tip 90 corresponding with (e.g., equal to) the cavity-forming device maximum effective working length LF2 (FIG. 3C ). Thus, when the distal cavityend depth indicator 94 c is aligned with the cannulaproximal end 50 as inFIG. 7D , thedistal tip 90 is located at the maximum cavity distance D2 relative to the cannuladistal end 42. Further, a hub 96 (FIG. 6 ) that serves as an absolute stop to distal movement of thedelivery tube 16 relative to thecannula 20 can be included. - As an alternative to the
depth indicators 94, thehub 96 is configured as a cannula connector coupled to, or formed by, theproximal section 92 of thedelivery tube 16. Thecannula connector 96 can be akin to the cannula connector 74 described above (e.g., combines with the handle connector 48 to form a locking mechanism), and thus can assume any of the forms previously described. Regardless, the optional cannula connector format of thehub 96 is configured to selectively, rigidly couple with the handle connector 48, and establishes the predetermined dispensement depth DD (FIG. 7A ) upon connection to the handle connector 48. - Returning to
FIG. 1 , thedelivery tube 16 is configured for fluid coupling to the curable material source 18. In some embodiments, a portion of thedelivery tube 16 projects proximally beyond the depth indicators 94 (or proximally beyond the optional hub 96), and is fluidly coupled to the curable material source 18, for example via aninjection connector 98. Alternatively, auxiliary tubing (not shown) can be provided with the curable material source 18, and fluidly connected to thedelivery tube 16 via theoptional injection connector 98. - The curable material source 18 can assume various forms appropriate for delivering the desired curable material, and may typically comprise a chamber-filled with a volume of curable material and employ any suitable injection system or pumping mechanism to transmit curable material out of the injector and through the
delivery tube 16. Typically, a hand injection system is used where a user applies force by hand to an injector. The force is then translated into pressure on the curable material to flow out of the chamber. A motorized system may also be used to apply force. - The curable
material delivery system 10 is arranged in at least a cavity-forming state and a curable material delivery state during use. In the cavity-forming state (FIG. 3C ), the cavity-formingdevice 14 is inserted within thecannula 20, and the final deployment depth marking 66 c is aligned with theproximal end 50 of thecannula 20. Alternatively, theconnectors 48, 72 can be used to ensure positioning of the workingend 62 distally outside of thecannula 20. Regardless, the workingend 62 is deployed distal the cannuladistal end 42 and is operable to form a cavity. - In the delivery state (
FIG. 7A ), the cavity-forming device 14 (FIG. 1 ) is removed from thecannula 20 and replaced with thedelivery tube 16 as shown. Thedistal tip 90 extends or projects distally beyond the distal end of thecannula 20. The desired depth indicator 94 (e.g., the mid-cavity depth indicator 94 a) is aligned with the proximal end 50 (or the optional cannula connector utilized to ensure extension of thedistal tip 90 beyond the cannula distal end 42) so as to define the delivery tube effective working length LT (FIG. 6 ), with this working length LT being predetermined and greater than the effective length LC of thecannula 20. The working length LT defines the location (relative to the cannula distal end 42) at which material (e.g., bone cement) is delivered from thedelivery tube 16. - As implicated by the above explanation, correlation between location of the
distal tip 90 of thedelivery tube 16 relative to the cannuladistal end 42 in the delivery state with respect to the predetermined minimum and maximum distances D1, D2 defined by the cavity-formingdevice 14 relative to the cannuladistal end 42 in the cavity-forming state can have various forms in accordance with the present disclosure. For example,FIG. 8A illustrates a comparison of one acceptable arrangement of thedelivery system 10 in the cavity-forming and delivery states. In particular, a distal location of thedistal tip 90 relative to thedistal end 42 of the cannula 20 (i.e., the dispensement depth DD) is approximately at a midpoint of the distal location of the workingend 62 relative to thedistal end 42 of the cannula 20 (i.e., the mid-point of the cavity minimum and maximum distances D1, D2). This can be achieved, for example, by aligning the mid-cavity depth indicator 94 a (FIG. 6 ) with the cannula proximal end 50 (FIG. 7B ). As a point of reference,FIG. 8A further illustrates, with dashed lines, an arrangement of the workingend 62 in an inflated state. - In
FIG. 8B , the predetermined dispensement depth DD of thedistal tip 90 relative to the cannuladistal end 42 approximates the minimum cavity distance D1 defined by theproximal side 70 of the workingend 62 relative to the cannuladistal end 42. This can be achieved, for example, by aligning the proximal cavityend depth indicator 94 b (FIG. 6 ) with the cannulaproximal end 50. InFIG. 9C , the predetermined dispensement depth DD of thedistal tip 90 relative to the cannuladistal end 42 approximates the maximum cavity distance D2 defined by thedistal side 68 of the workingend 62 relative to the cannuladistal end 42. This can be achieved, for example, by aligning the distal cavityend depth indicator 94 c (FIG. 6 ) with the cannulaproximal end 50. In more general terms, then, the predetermined dispensement depth DD established by one or more of thedepth indicators 94 can have any relationship that locates thedistal tip 90 in a region affected by operation of the workingend 62 in instances where thecannula 20 remains stationary and the cavity-formingdevice 14 is replaced with thedelivery tube 16. Along these same lines, in some embodiments thedelivery tube 16 can be selectively repositionable between the locations ofFIGS. 8A-8C in the delivery state. - Regardless of an exact configuration, the curable
material delivery system 10 in accordance with principles of the present disclosure is highly useful in performing a wide variety of bone stabilizing procedures as part of an overall curable material delivery procedure. To this end,FIG. 9A illustrates use of thesystem 10 in delivering curable material into a target site of avertebra 100. In general terms, thevertebra 100 includespedicles 102 and avertebral body 104 defining a vertebral wall 106 surrounding bodily material (e.g., cancellous bone, blood, marrow, and soft tissue) 108. Thepedicles 102 extend from thevertebral body 104 and surround avertebral foramen 110. As a point of reference, systems of the present disclosure are suitable for accessing a variety of bone sites. Thus, while thevertebra 100 target site is illustrated, it is to be understood other that bone sites can be accessed by the system 10 (i.e., femur, long bones, ribs, sacrum, etc.). - The
cannula 20 is initially employed to form an access path to atarget site 120, for example through one of thepedicles 102 and into thebodily material 108. Thus, as illustrated, thecannula 20 has been driven through thepedicle 102 via a transpedicular approach. The transpedicular approach locates thecannula 20 between the mammillary process and the accessory process of the selectedpedicle 102. Alternatively, other approaches to thetarget site 120 can be employed (e.g., anterior). In any event, thecannula 20 provides access to thetarget site 120 at the open,distal end 42. One or more stylets (not shown) can be employed to assist in forming anaccess channel 122 to thetarget site 120. For example, a series of differently-sized or configured stylets (e.g., sharp ended or blunt) can be sequentially deployed through thecannula 20 to form thechannel 122. Alternatively, or in addition, an outer guide cannula (not shown) can initially be deployed to form an access path for insertion of thecannula 20. Regardless, once positioned, thecannula 20 can remain relatively stationary relative to thetarget site 120. - Once the
cannula 20 is positioned within thebodily material 108 at the desiredtarget site 120, the cavity-formingdevice 14 is assembled to thecannula 20. For example, as shown in greater detail inFIG. 9B , theelongated body 60 is slidably inserted within thecannula 20, with the workingend 62 being distally advanced therethrough. Upon alignment of the final deployment depth marking 66 c (FIG. 3C ) with the proximal end 50 (FIG. 1 ) of thecannula 20, the workingend 62 is distal thedistal end 42 of thecannula 20, and is positioned at thetarget site 120. In this regard,FIG. 9B reflects thechannel 122 being defined within thebodily material 108, and the workingend 62 having been passed through or within thechannel 122. Thechannel 122 can be created during insertion of the workingend 62 into thebodily material 108, or can be formed by thecannula 20 or other component (e.g., a stylet (not shown)) prior to deployment of the cavity-formingdevice 14 as described above. Regardless, the cavity-formingdevice 14 is operated to cause the workingend 62 to form a cavity or void 124 in the bodily material 108 (e.g., the workingend 62 is expanded) as shown inFIG. 9C . Thecavity 124 can have a variety of different shapes differing from that implicated byFIG. 9C . - Following formation of the
cavity 124, the cavity-formingdevice 14 is transitioned to a contracted state, and withdrawn from thetarget site 120 and thecannula 20.FIG. 9D reflects thecavity 124 upon removal of the cavity-formingdevice 14 from thecannula 20. As shown, asmall track segment 126 remains, extending between and interconnecting thedistal end 42 of thecannula 20 and thecavity 124. As a point of reference, thecavity 124 can generally be described as having or defining a width or other dimension) (e.g., diameter perpendicular to an axis of thecannula 20 that is greater than a diameter of thecannula 20, whereas thetrack segment 126 is substantially smaller in width (or other corresponding dimension than the cannula diameter). Thecannula 20, and in particular thedistal end 42, can remain stationary relative to thetarget site 120 as the cavity-formingdevice 14 is withdrawn. - With the
cannula 20 still in the same location relative to thetarget site 120, thedelivery tube 16 is then inserted into thecannula 20 and advanced to thetarget site 120, and in particular within thecavity 124, as shown inFIG. 9E . Alignment of the mid-cavity depth indicator 94 a (FIG. 7B ) with the proximal end 50 (FIG. 1 ) of thecannula 20 ensures that thedistal tip 90 of thedelivery tube 16 is positioned within the target site 120 (and in particular the cavity 124) as described above. As a point of reference, while thedistal tip 90 is illustrated as being approximately centrally located within thecavity 124, a more distal or more proximal arrangement (within the cavity 124) is also envisioned. For example, where provided, the proximal cavityend depth indicator 94 b (FIG. 6 ) or the distal cavityend depth indicator 94 c (FIG. 6 ) can be utilized to position thedistal tip 90 at the proximal side or distal side, respectively, of thecavity 124. - The curable material source 18 (
FIG. 1 ) is then operated to delivercurable material 130 into thecavity 124 via thedelivery tube 16 as shown inFIG. 9F . Thedelivery tube 16 essentially occupies thetrack segment 126, thereby preventing unnecessary distribution of thecurable material 130 into thetrack segment 126. In some embodiments, thedelivery tube 16 remains in the position ofFIG. 9F during the entire delivery procedure; in other embodiments, thedistal tip 90 can be proximally retracted (or distally extended) within thecavity 124 while delivering thecurable material 130. For example, thedistal tip 90 can be sequentially retracted while thecurable material 130 is delivered to better ensure complete filing of thecavity 124, with the optional proximal cavityend depth indicator 94 b (FIG. 6 ) providing a visual “warning” of maximum retraction (e.g., once the user sees the proximal cavityend depth indicator 94 b at the cannula proximal end 50 (FIG. 1 ), s/he understands that thedistal tip 90 is in close proximity to thetrack segment 126 and that proximal refraction of thedelivery tube 16 should cease). Once a desired volume of thecurable material 130 has been delivered to thetarget site 120, thedelivery tube 16, as well as thecannula 20, are removed from the patient. The now-stabilized vertebra 100 (following removal of the delivery tube 16) is illustrated inFIG. 9G . - Yet another procedure envisioned by the present disclosure can be described with reference to
FIG. 10 and includes delivering curable material to two (or more) target sites. For example,FIG. 10 illustrates first and second vertebral bodies 104 a, 104 b. First andsecond cannulas 20 a, 20 b have been delivered to the vertebral bodies 104 a, 104 b, respectively, as described above, followed by formation of a cavity 124 a, 124 b in each body 104 a, 104 b, respectively. Thedelivery tube 16 is employed to deliver curable material to the cavity of the first vertebral body 104 a via the first cannula 20 a. Once a desired volume has been delivered, thedelivery tube 16 is removed from the first cannula 20 a, inserted into thesecond cannula 20 b, and employed to deliver curable material to the cavity of the second vertebral body 104 b. With this approach thedelivery tube 16 is effectively “pre-filled” with curable material upon removal from the first cannula 20 a and insertion into thesecond cannula 20 b, thus reducing an overall time required to complete the procedure. - As an additional advantage, when the
delivery tube 16 is removed from the first cannula 20 a (and still “filled” with the curable material), it can be temporarily stored at a location in the surgical suite that is outside of the patient (and likely at room temperature). Because curable materials commonly employed for bone augmentation (e.g., bone cement) are formulated to harden or set at body temperature, by temporarily storing the “pre-filled”delivery tube 16 outside of the patient's body (and at a temperature lower than body temperature), the surgeon has extra time to perform the next curable material delivery operation. In other words, maintaining thedelivery tube 16 at a temperature lower than body temperature affords the surgeon more time before hardening of curable material with the delivery tube occurs as compared to a technique in which thedelivery tube 16 is held within the patient's body between delivery operations. - Systems and methods in accordance with the present disclosure provided a marked improvement over previous designs. The distally-extending delivery tube eliminates the “dead space” issues attendant with previous designs. Further, by optionally filling the cavity from an anterior position, extravasations can be avoided, and no “wasted” curable material fills the cannula.
- Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (17)
1. A method for delivering material to a surgical target site of a patient, the method comprising:
inserting a distal end of a cannula immediately proximate the target site, the cannula defining a lumen;
extending a portion of a cavity-forming device through the lumen and distally beyond the distal end;
operating the cavity-forming device to form a cavity at the target site, wherein a track is defined in tissue of the target site between the distal end of the cannula and the cavity, a width, such as a diameter, of the track being less than or equal to a width of the cavity;
removing the cavity-forming device from the cannula,
inserting a delivery tube into the lumen;
directing a distal tip of the delivery tube distally beyond the distal end of the cannula, through the track, and into the cavity; and
delivering material through the delivery tube and into the cavity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the cannula remains relatively stationary during the steps of operating the cavity-forming device, removing the cavity-forming device, inserting the delivery tube, and directing the distal tip of the delivery tube into the cavity.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is characterized by an absence of material being dispensed into the track.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target site is within a vertebra.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material is a curable material.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
inserting a stylet through the lumen and distally beyond the distal end to form a channel prior to the step of extending a portion of a cavity-forming device through the lumen.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the portion of the cavity-forming device is inserted within the channel.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cavity-forming device includes an inflatable balloon, and further wherein the step of operating the cavity-forming device to form a cavity includes inflating the balloon.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of delivering material includes:
proximally retracting the distal tip within the cavity while delivering the material.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the delivery tube includes a first cavity depth indicator, and further wherein the step of delivering the distal tip into the cavity includes aligning the first cavity depth indicator with a proximal end of the cannula.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the delivery tube includes a second cavity depth indicator located distal the first cavity depth indicator, and further wherein the step of delivering material includes proximally retracting the delivery tube relative to the cannula until the second cavity depth indicator is aligned with the proximal end of the cannula.
12. A system for delivering material into a target site of a patient, the system comprising:
a cannula defining a lumen and a distal end;
a cavity-forming device including an elongated body terminating at a distal working end, wherein the elongated body is sized for insertion within the lumen and the cavity-forming device is configured to form a cavity in tissue of the target site with the working end when the working end is extended distal the distal end of the cannula;
a delivery tube sized for slidable insertion within the lumen and terminating at distal tip; and
a source of filling material fluidly connected to the delivery tube;
wherein the system is operable in a cavity-forming state in which the elongated body is disposed within the lumen and the working end is distally located a predetermined distance from the distal end, and a filling state in which the delivery tube is disposed within the lumen and the distal tip is distally located at the predetermined distance from the distal end.
13. The system of claim 12 , further comprising a polypropylene sheath disposed over the delivery tube.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the working end includes an inflatable balloon.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the balloon includes a proximal side connected to the elongated body and a distal side opposite the proximal side, and further wherein the predetermined distance is between the proximal and distal sides.
16. The system of claim 12 , further comprising a depth marking on the elongated body and a depth indicator on the delivery tube, wherein distal extension of the working end relative to the distal end of the cannula upon alignment of the depth marking relative to the cannula corresponds with distal extension of the distal tip relative to the distal end of the cannula upon alignment of the depth indicator relative to the cannula.
17. The system of claim 12 , further comprising:
an inflation device for delivering an inflation medium into the working end, the inflation device including a syringe and a display device programmed to display a sensed pressure of the syringe.
Priority Applications (10)
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CA2780387A CA2780387A1 (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2010-10-21 | Curable material delivery systems and methods |
BR112012011075A BR112012011075A2 (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2010-10-21 | curable material release systems and methods. |
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JP2012538831A JP2013510647A (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2010-10-21 | Curable material delivery system and method |
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RU2012123748/14A RU2012123748A (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2010-10-21 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SUBMITTING A CURABLE MATERIAL |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2013510647A (en) | 2013-03-28 |
RU2012123748A (en) | 2013-12-20 |
MX2012005485A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
EP2498698A4 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
BR112012011075A2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
CN102686176A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
WO2011059653A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
CA2780387A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
AU2010318591A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
EP2498698A1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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