US20080256148A1 - Computer system and a method of assigning a storage device to a computer - Google Patents
Computer system and a method of assigning a storage device to a computer Download PDFInfo
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- US20080256148A1 US20080256148A1 US12/155,599 US15559908A US2008256148A1 US 20080256148 A1 US20080256148 A1 US 20080256148A1 US 15559908 A US15559908 A US 15559908A US 2008256148 A1 US2008256148 A1 US 2008256148A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/0604—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. storage management
- G06F3/0605—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. storage management by facilitating the interaction with a user or administrator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0629—Configuration or reconfiguration of storage systems
- G06F3/0631—Configuration or reconfiguration of storage systems by allocating resources to storage systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0683—Plurality of storage devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0662—Virtualisation aspects
- G06F3/0665—Virtualisation aspects at area level, e.g. provisioning of virtual or logical volumes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
- Y10S707/99952—Coherency, e.g. same view to multiple users
- Y10S707/99953—Recoverability
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
- Y10S707/99956—File allocation
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
A computer system which has a plurality of computers and a storage device subsystem connected to the plurality of computers. The storage device subsystem has a plurality of storage devices and a plurality of interfaces, through which the subsystem is connected to the computers. One of the plurality of computers has a management means for holding therein data indicative of the storage devices and a connection relationship between the computers and storage device subsystem. Each computer, when wanting a new device, informs the management means of its capacity and type. The management means receives its notification and selects one of the storage devices which satisfies the request. And the management means instructs the storage device subsystem to set predetermined data in such a manner that the computer can access the selected device. The management means also returns predetermined data to the computer as a device assignment requester, the assignment requester computer modifies setting thereof to allow the computer in question can use the assigned device.
Description
- This is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 11/072,723, filed Mar. 7, 2005, which is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/095,582, filed Mar. 13, 2002 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,907,498), which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/642,817, filed Aug. 22, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,854,034).
- The present invention relates to a computer system and a method for assigning a storage device to the computer system and more particularly, to a method for assigning a storage device to a computer in a computer system including a storage subsystem having a fibre channel interface.
- As the amount of information treated in a computer system for use in companies, corporations, etc. is drastically increased, the capacity of a storage device such as a disk for storage of data has been increased steadily in these years. For example, a magnetic disk storage system having a capacity of the order of terabytes is very common. With respect to such a disk storage system, there is a technique by which a single storage device subsystem is made up of a plurality of types of logical disks (which will be sometimes referred to merely as disks), e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,956,750. Disclosed in the disclosure is, more specifically, a disk subsystem which is made up of disks having different RAID levels such as RAID5 and RAID1 as devices (logical disks) to be accessed by a host computer, or made up of disks having different access rates as actual magnetic disks (physical disks) of logical disks. A user can selectively use the devices according to the access rates of the respective devices.
- Appearance of a fibre channel technique as an interface between a host computer and a peripheral device such as a disk has also led to the fact that a plurality of host computers and a plurality of storage devices are connected by a single fibre channel cable to form a computer system. In such a computer system, each of the host computers can directly access any of the storage devices on the fibre channel. For this reason, the computer system can be expected to share data with the respective host computers and to reduce the load of a network, when compared with the prior art wherein each of the host computers has a storage device.
- In the aforementioned prior art, the numbers and types of devices accessible by each host computer can be remarkably increased. However, as the numbers and types of devices accessible by each host computer is increased, it has been difficult to control the devices by each host computer. This system is advantageous in that many devices can be accessed by a single host computer, but is disadvantageous in that it is difficult for the user to select suitable one of the devices which is to be used for a given business. In particular, in the case of a computer system wherein the host computers and devices connected by fibre channels, one of the host computers can access even one of the devices which is not initially intended to be used by the host computer in question. For this reason, the host computer may make unauthorized access to the device being used by the other host computer, thus leading to data destruction of the device.
- In order to solve such a problem, there is disclosed in JP-A-10-333839 a method by which storage devices connected by fibre channels can be accessed only by a specific host computer. However, when a plurality of storage devices (or devices) are used or when different types of devices are mixedly used, its processing becomes still complex and each host computer must always take the types of the devices into consideration.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to facilitate setting of devices and assignment of the devices to host computers such that each of the host computers can use necessary one of the devices confirming to its application at a required time for a required time.
- In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a computer system has a plurality of computers and a storage device subsystem connected to the plurality of computers. The storage device sub-system, which has a plurality of storage devices and a plurality of interfaces, is connected to the computers. One of the computers has a management means for holding therein data about the storage devices within the storage device subsystem and about a connection relationship between the computers and storage device subsystem. Each computer, when wishes to form a new device, informs the management means of its capacity and type. The management means, when informed by the computer, selects one of the storage devices satisfying its request. And the management means instructs the storage device subsystem to set necessary data in such a manner that the request computer can access the selected device. The management means also returns necessary data to the computer as a device assignment demander, such that the computer as the requester can modify its setting based on the data and can use the assigned device.
- In another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of computers and a plurality of storage device subsystems are interconnected in a network. Any one of the computers has a management means for holding therein information of the storage devices possessed by the storage device subsystems and a connection relationship between the computers and the storage device subsystems. Each storage device subsystem has a control means for allowing access from the management means to the specified computer. Each computer, when requiring a new storage device, informs the management means of its capacity and type. The management means, when informed by the computer, instructs the storage device subsystem to allow access from the associated computer thereto, whereby the computer can selects one of the devices satisfying the request and the computer in question can access the storage device subsystem. The management means also returns predetermined data to the computer as a device assignment request computer. The computer as the device assignment request computer, on the basis of the data returned from the management means, modifies setting of the computer in such a manner that the computer can use the device assigned thereto.
- Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become clear as the following description of the invention advances as detailed with reference to preferred embodiments of the invention as shown in accompanying drawings.
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FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of a computer system in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary structure of a logical device management table held in a storage device subsystem; -
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary structure of a host computer management table held by a control manager; -
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by a volume manager of a host computer; -
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by the control manager; -
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by a volume manager in a device returning process; -
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by the control manager in the device returning process; -
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of a computer system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 shows an exemplary structure of a logical device management table held by a control manager; -
FIG. 10 shows an exemplary structure of a table for management of a correspondence relationship between host computers and WWNs held by the control manager; -
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by the control manager; -
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a zoning function of a fibre channel switch; -
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an exemplary arrangement of a computer system in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations by a client program; -
FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations by a control manager of a file server; -
FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations by a server program of file server; -
FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by the control manager when a file system is expanded; -
FIG. 18 is a block diagram of an exemplary arrangement of a computer system in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations by a volume manager; -
FIG. 20 shows an exemplary structure of an LVOL management table; -
FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by a volume manager when an LVOL is expanded; -
FIG. 22 is an exemplary structure of a cluster data table; and -
FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by a control manager when the LVOL is expanded. -
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of a computer system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The computer system includes a plurality ofhost computers storage device subsystem 2 connected to thehost computer 1, a managinghost computer 3, anetwork 4, and asubstorage device 5. - Each of the
host computers - The
storage device subsystem 2 has a plurality ofdisk units 21, adisk controller 22, a plurality ofports 23 connected to thehost computer 1, aninterface 24 for connection with thesubstorage device 5, and anetwork interface 25 for connection with thenetwork 4. Thestorage device subsystem 2 in the present embodiment causes thehost computer 1 to look as if there were a single or a plurality of logical devices by combining the plurality ofdisk units 21. Of course, thestorage device subsystem 2 may cause thehost computer 1 to look as if there were one logical device for eachdisk unit 21. - The
port 23 may comprise, for example, an interface such as SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) when thehost computer 1 to be connected therewith is a computer in a so-called open system. When thehost computer 1 is a so-called mainframe, on the other hand, theport 23 may comprise a channel interface such as ESCON (Enterprise System CONnection). Theports 23 may be an identical type interfaces or may include interfaces of different types. In the present embodiment, explanation will be made in connection with a case where theports 23 are all an identical SCSI type of interfaces. - The
disk controller 22 has aprocessor 221, acache memory 222, and acontrol memory 223. Theprocessor 221 controls access from thehost computer 1 to thedisk units 21. In particular, when thestorage device subsystem 2 causes thehost computer 1 to look as if the subsystem had not thesingle disk units 21 but a single or a plurality of logical devices corresponding to the single disk unit or a combination of the plurality of disk units as in a disk array, theprocessor 221 performs its operation and management. Thedisk controller 22 communicates with the managinghost computer 3 via thenetwork interface 25. - In order to increase an access processing rate from the
host computer 1, thecache memory 222 stores data frequently read out from thehost computer 1 therein or temporarily stores write data from thehost computer 1 therein. When a part of thecache memory 222 is pretended as a single or a plurality of logical devices, the memory part can also be used as a device which can eliminate access to the magnetic disk unit. - The
control memory 223 is used to store therein a program to be executed by theprocessor 221 or to store therein data for management of the logical device or devices formed as a combination or combinations of thedisk units 21. - Provided in each of the
host computers volume manager 11. Thevolume manager 11 operates to communicate with acontrol manager 31 provided in the managinghost computer 3. Eachhost computer 1 has an interface (I/F) 12 and is connected at itsinterface 12 with the associatedport 23 of thestorage device subsystem 2. - Explanation will next be made as to how to manage the logical devices within the
storage device subsystem 2. - As has been explained earlier, the
storage device subsystem 2 causes thehost computer 1 to look as if thestorage device subsystem 2 had a single or a plurality of logical devices corresponding to a combination or combinations of thedisk units 21 or had logical devices each corresponding to each of thedisk units 21. Thestorage device subsystem 2 also causes thehost computer 1 to look as if a part of thecache memory 222 of the subsystem like a single or a plurality of logical devices. The number ofdisk units 21 in thestorage device subsystem 2 has no correlation with the number of logical devices. -
FIG. 2 is an exemplary structure of a logical device management table for holding data for management of logical devices by thestorage device subsystem 2. The logical device management table holds a relationship of a set of items ofsize 62,configuration 63,state 64,path 65,target ID 66, andLUN 67 to alogical device number 61. Set in the item ‘size’ 62 is data indicative of the capacity of a logical device specified by thelogical device number 61. The item ‘configuration’ 63 indicates data indicative of the configuration of the logical device, for example, RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks) of thedisk units 21. When the disk units are assigned to logical devices, theconfiguration item 63 sets therein data indicative of the type of the RAID such as RAID1 or RAID5. When a part of thecache memory 222 is assigned as the logical devices, theconfiguration item 63 sets ‘cache’ therein; while, when the single disk unit is assigned, theitem 63 sets data indicative of the state of ‘single disk unit’ therein. The item ‘state’ 64 sets data indicative of the state of the logical devices therein. The state item has ‘online’, ‘offline’, ‘not mounted’, and ‘offline trouble’. The ‘online’ indicates a state wherein the logical devices are in their normal operation and can be accessed by thehost computer 1. The ‘offline’ indicates a state wherein the logical devices are defined and are in their normal operation, but cannot be accessed by thehost computer 1. This state corresponds to a case where the logical devices have been so far used by thehost computer 1 became unused because it became unused for thehost computer 1 to use them. The ‘not mounted’ indicates a state wherein the logical devices are not defined and cannot be accessed by the host computer. The ‘offline trouble’ indicates a state wherein a trouble takes place in the logical devices and thus the devices cannot be accessed by the host computer. Set in the item ‘path’ 65 is data indicative of one of theports 23 connected with associated one of the logical devices. A unique number in thestorage device subsystem 2 is assigned to each of theports 23, and the numbers of theports 23 connected with the associated logical devices are recorded in the column ‘path’. Thetarget ID 66 andLUN 67 are each an identifier for discrimination between the logical devices. In this example, the SCSI-Ids and LUNs used when the devices are accessed by thehost computer 1 on the SCSIs are used as these identifiers. - One logical device can be connected to a plurality of ports and a plurality of
host computers 1 can access an identical logical device. In this case, the logical device management table has a plurality of entries relating to the logical device created therein. For example, in such a logical device management table as shown inFIG. 2 , the device having a logical device number of 2 is connected to twoports 23 havingport numbers ports 23 in this way, the target ID and LUNs associated with therespective paths 65 do not have to be the same respectively and may be different as shown inFIG. 2 . Data described in the logical device management table are sent via theinterface 24 to the managinghost computer 3 at suitable timing or as when a trouble occurred in thestorage device subsystem 2 to change the configuration. Thus, the managinghost computer 3 also holds a logical device management table similar to the table shown inFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 3 is an exemplary structure of a host computer management table held by thecontrol manager 31 of the managinghost computer 3. - The host computer management table holds management data as a set of a
host computer name 71, aport number 72, aninterface number 73 and alogical device number 74 in order for the managinghost computer 3 to manage assignment of devices to thehost computers 1. - The
port number 72 andlogical device number 74 are numbers defined in thestorage device subsystem 2 and are data for discrimination between theports 23 and logical devices of thestorage device subsystem 2. Set in the items of ‘port number’ 72 and ‘logical device number’ 74 are the number assigned to a port connected with thehost computer 1 identified by an identifier set in the hostcomputer name item 71 as well as the number or numbers assigned to logical device or devices assigned to the host computer respectively. Theinterface number 73 is used to manage theinterface 12 of eachhost computer 1. Theinterface number 73 becomes necessary, in particular, when thesingle host computer 1 has a plurality ofinterfaces 12. A set of theport number 72 andinterface number 73 is an important factor to show a connection relationship between thehost computer 1 and associated logical device or devices. For example, thehost computer 1 b shown inFIG. 1 has twointerfaces 12 which are connected todifferent ports 23 respectively. In such a case, even when one of such interfaces or a line connected between one interface andstorage device subsystem 2 cannot be used due to occurrence of a defect therein, its processing can be continued so long as the host computer is connected at the other interface with the logical device, thus enhancing its reliability. - The managing
host computer 3 assigns the logical devices to thehost computers 1, by referring to its own host computer management table and the logical device management table received from thestorage device subsystem 2. Explanation will then be made as to how to assign the devices. -
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations implemented by thevolume manager 11 of eachhost computer 1. The operations are carried out when a user of thehost computer 1 or an application program to be run on thehost computer 1 requires new device or devices. - At a
step 1001, thevolume manager 11 obtains data on the number and type of the devices required by the user or application program. The user or application program specifies data including its capacity, performance conditions and reliability level as the device data. The term “the capacity of the device” refers to the size of the device as already explained above. The user can specify, as the performance conditions, performance data of device access rate, etc. such as, for example, low-speed disk drive high-speed disk drive, or cache residence disk drive. The user can specify, as the reliability level, device reliability data such as, for example, RAID0, RAID1, RAID5, double path or remote mirror. For the double path, when thehost computer 1 has a plurality of interfaces, a plurality of paths are provided so that thehost computer 1 can access an identical device utilizing the plural interfaces. For the double path, even when one of the paths cannot be used for some reason, thehost computer 1 can access the device with use of the other path. The “remote mirror” means that a copy of the devices in thestorage device subsystem 2 is provided to thesubstorage device 5. Thus, even when thestorage device subsystem 2 itself cannot be operated due to factors such as earthquake or fire, the device data are held in thesubstorage device 5, thus enabling increase of its reliability. - At a
next step 1002, thevolume manager 11 searches for a set of target ID and LUN not used on theinterface 12 of thehost computer 1 in question. - At a
step 1003, thevolume manager 11 transmits the capacity, performance conditions and reliability level specified at thestep 1001 as well as the set of target ID and LUN not used and searched at thestep 1002 to thecontrol manager 31 of the managinghost computer 3 to request assignment of a new device. Thecontrol manager 31 searches for a device to be assigned on the basis of the received data and returns data to specify the host computer interface number, target ID and LUN to be used for device accessing. How to operate thecontrol manager 31 in this case will be explained later. - At a
step 1004, thevolume manager 11 receives the data from thecontrol manager 31. At astep 1005, thevolume manager 11 modifies setting of thehost computer 1 on the basis of the data received from thecontrol processor 31 in such a manner that thehost computer 1 can use a new device. In the case of a so-called open operating system, thehost computer 1 makes access to each device, so that a device file is prepared for each device and its access is carried out for the device file. The device file is usually prepared when thehost computer 1 underwent a device configuration operation, and no device file is created for the device which was not present during the device configuration operation. For this reason, at thestep 1004, a device file for a newly assigned device is created. More specifically, in the case of a Solaris operating system for example, a command ‘drvconfig’ or ‘drives’ is used to recognize the new device and create the device file, whereby thehost computer 1 can access the newly assigned device. - At a
final step 1006, thevolume manager 11 informs the user or application program of data about the assigned device file name, target ID and LUN, thus terminating its operation. -
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations carried out by thecontrol manager 31 of the managinghost computer 3 during assignment of the new device. - At a
step 1101, thecontrol manager 31, when receiving the data about the device size, performance conditions and reliability level from thehost computer 1, searches for the device satisfying the request by referring to its own logical device management table and host computer management table. In this example, the device to be searched for is denoted in thestate item 64 of the logical device management table as the ‘offline’ (step 1102). Thecontrol manager 31, on the basis of its search result, judges the presence or absence of the device of the ‘offline’ state satisfying the request (step 1103). - When finding the device of the ‘offline’ state satisfying the request, the
control manager 31 determines a port number, target ID and LUN for connection of the device to thehost computer 1, on the basis of the target ID and LUN received from thehost computer 1 as well as data set in the logical device management table and host computer management table (step 1104). - Subsequently the
control manager 31 sets the device of the logical device number found at thestep 1103 to allow thehost computer 1 to be able to access the device with the port number, target ID and LUN determined at thestep 1104, and instructs thestorage device subsystem 2 to put its state in ‘online’. Thestorage device subsystem 2 performs setting operations according to the instruction from thecontrol manager 31, and returns its result to the control manager 31 (step 1105). - The
control manager 31, when receiving the result from the storage device subsystem 2 (step 1106), returns the interface number, target ID and LUN to thevolume manager 11 of thehost computer 1 as the request demander (step 1107). - When failing to find a device of the ‘offline’ state satisfying the request at the
step 1103, on the other hand, thecontrol manager 31 searches for the presence of a logical device number having the ‘not mounted’ set instate item 64 of the logical device management table (step 1108). The presence of a logical device number having the ‘not mounted’ causes thecontrol manager 31 to inform of thestorage device subsystem 2 of data about the device size, performance conditions and reliability level requested by thehost computer 1 and to require thestorage device subsystem 2 to form the device. Thestorage device subsystem 2, in response to the request from thecontrol manager 31, forms the device having the device number and returns its result to the control manager 31 (step 1109). Thecontrol manager 31, when receiving the result from thesubsystem 2, executes the operations of theabove step 1104 and subsequent steps (step 1110). -
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations to be carried out by thevolume manager 11 in an unnecessary-device returning process of thehost computer 1. - In the device returning process, the
volume manager 11 first receives data about the device which became unnecessary, e.g., its device file name from the user or an upper-level application program (step 1201). Thevolume manager 11, on the basis of the received data, acquires the interface number, target ID and LUN associated with the device to be returned (step 1202). Thevolume manager 11 next modifies the setting of thehost computer 1 as necessary in order to avoid the use of the device by thehost computer 1. More specifically, in this example, thevolume manager 11 performs operations such as deleting of the device file (step 1203). Subsequently, thevolume manager 11 informs thecontrol manager 31 of the interface number, target ID and LUN acquired at thestep 1202, thus terminating its operation (step 1204). -
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations to be carried out by thecontrol manager 31 in the unnecessary-device returning process of thehost computer 1. - The
control manager 31 receives the interface number, target ID and LUN from the host computer 1 (step 1301). Thecontrol manager 31, on the basis of the received interface number, target ID and LUN, instructs thestorage device subsystem 2 to put the device to be returned in its offline state. In response to the instruction, thestorage device subsystem 2 puts the specified device in the offline state, and returns the logical device management table reflecting its result to the control manager 31 (step 1302). Thecontrol manager 31, when receiving the logical device management table from thestorage device subsystem 2, holds it therein and completes its operation (step 1303). - Although the managing host computer is provided and the control manager is positioned therein in the foregoing first embodiment, it is not necessarily required to provide the function of the control manager in the managing host computer. For example, the control manager function may be provided in any of the host computers, 1 a, 1 b, . . . The control manager function also may be provided in the storage device subsystem. In this case, the
host computers -
FIG. 8 schematically shows an arrangement of a computer system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. The computer system of the present embodiment includes a plurality of host computers 1 (host computers storage device subsystems host computer 3, anetwork 4, and a fibre channel switch 6. - The
host computer 1, as in the first embodiment, has avolume manager 11. Thevolume manager 11 operates to communicate with thecontrol manager 31 provided in the managinghost computer 3. Further, each of thehost computers 1 has an interface (I/F) 12 which in turn is connected to afibre channel switch 8 via itsinterface 12. - Similarly to the
storage device subsystem 2 in the first embodiment, each of thestorage device subsystems disk unit 21, adisk controller 22, aport 23, and a network interface (network I/F) 25 connected to the network. Although a plurality ofsuch disk units 21 and a plurality ofsuch ports 23 may be provided as in the first embodiment, explanation will be made below in connection with the single disk unit and single port, for simplicity. - The
fibre channel switch 8 has a plurality ofports 81 which in turn are connected to the associatedinterfaces 12 of thehost computers ports 23 of thestorage device subsystems fibre channel switch 8 has anetwork interface 82 which in turn is also connected to thenetwork 4. Thefibre channel switch 8 is used so that thehost computers storage device subsystems host computers 1 can access all thestorage device subsystems 2. - The managing
host computer 3, as in the first embodiment, has acontrol manager 31 which in turn operates to communicate with thevolume managers 11 of thehost computers -
FIG. 9 is an exemplary structure of a logical device management table held in the managinghost computer 3. The logical device management table in the present embodiment is used for data management, similarly to the logical device management table held by thestorage device subsystem 2 in the first embodiment. Explanation will be made as to mainly a difference from the logical device management table of the first embodiment. - In the present embodiment, the managing
host computer 3 manages thestorage device subsystems 2 by uniquely applying numbers to all the devices possessed by all thestorage device subsystems 2. For the purpose of the above management, the logical device management table has data about asize 103,configuration 104,state 105,LUN 106, WWN (World Wide Name) 102, and a connectinghost computer name 107 for each device. Thesize 103,configuration 104,state 105,LUN 106 are the same as those in the logical device management table in the first embodiment. TheWWN 102 is data which is set in theport 23 of thestorage device subsystem 2 and which is uniquely assigned to each fibre channel interface for identification of each port. TheWWN 102 is also called N_PORT_NAME. The connectionhost computer name 107 is used to identify the host computer which is allowed to be connected to the device in question. - Basically, when the plurality of
host computers 1 connected to thefibre channel switch 8 can freely access any of thestorage device subsystems 2, it may, in some cases, become a problem from the viewpoint of system security. In order to solve the problem with such system security, for example, JP-A-10-333839 discloses a technique in which only a specific host computer can access a storage device connected therewith by a fibre channel. It is assumed even in the present embodiment that, in order to maintain the system security, thestorage device subsystem 2 has such a means for maintaining the security as disclosed in JP-A-333839. However, this is not associated directly with the essence of the present invention and thus detailed explanation thereof will be omitted. - In the present embodiment, the
WWN 109 is provided even to theinterface 12 of eachhost computer 1. The managinghost computer 3, on the basis of such a table as shown inFIG. 10 , manages a set of ahost computer name 108 andWWN 109. - Explanation will then be made as to the operation of the
volume manager 11 andcontrol manager 31. - In the present embodiment, the operation of the
volume manager 11 when a new device is assigned to the host computer is basically the same as that in the first embodiment ofFIG. 4 . More specifically, thevolume manager 11, when receiving data on the number and type of the necessary device from the user or application program, requires thecontrol manager 31 to assign the new device thereto on the basis of the received data. After thecontrol manager 31 finishes the assignment of the new device, thevolume manager 11 modifies setting of the device such that thehost computer 1 can use the new device. -
FIG. 11 shows a flowchart showing a flow of operations carried out by thecontrol manager 31 at the time of the assignment of the new device in the present embodiment. The operations carried out by thecontrol manager 31 are substantially the same as those by the control manager in the first embodiment ofFIG. 5 . In this connection, parts having substantially the same functions as those inFIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numbers inFIG. 11 . Explanation will be mainly made as to only parts having functions different from those inFIG. 5 , and explanation of the parts having the same functions as those inFIG. 5 is omitted. - In the present embodiment, the
storage device subsystem 2 disables, in its initial state, access from all thehost computers 1 to prevent the device from being accessed by the not-assigned host computers. To this end, thecontrol manager 31, when instructing thestorage device subsystem 2 to put the device in its online state at astep 1105, also instructs thestorage device subsystem 2 to enable access from thehost computer 1 to the device to be newly assigned. In this instruction, thecontrol manager 31 informs thestorage device subsystem 2 of the WWN of thehost computer 1 to enable the access to the device. Thestorage device subsystem 2, when thehost computer 1 wants to access the device, judges permission or non-permission of the access on the basis of the WWN received from the control manager 31 (step 2105). - After the operation of the
step 2105, thecontrol manager 31 modifies the setting of thefibre channel switch 8. Consider, for example, a case where , as shown inFIG. 12 , host computers A and B can access disk units (devices) a and b, while a host computer C can access only a disk unit (device) c. In this case, thecontrol manager 31 instructs thefibre channel switch 8 to modify its path setting such that the host computer C cannot access ports d and e connected to the disk units a and b from the port c connected to the host computer C. It can be arranged to look as if there were two switches. Such path setting is called zoning. The zoning can prevent a host computer from accessing a device which should not be accessed from the host computer. Further, since data flows are separated, its performance can be improved (step 2106). - After the above operation, the
control manager 31 performs the operations of thesteps -
FIG. 13 schematically shows a block diagram of an exemplary arrangement of a computer system in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. In the computer system of the present embodiment, a plurality ofhost computers 1 a′, 1 b′, . . . , and 1 n′ (which are generally referred to ashost computer 1′) are connected to afile server 9 via interfaces (I/F's) 12′ and anetwork 4. Thefile server 9 is connected at its interfaces 92(I/F) 92 to thestorage device subsystem 2. Astorage device subsystem 2 andsubstorage device 5 as a storage device located at a remote place are substantially the same as those in the first embodiment. - The
file server 9 has anetwork interface 91 connected to thehost computers 1′, a plurality ofinterfaces 92 connected to thestorage device subsystem 2, acontrol manager 93 and aserver program 94. Thecontrol manager 93 performs device assigning operation as required as in thecontrol manager 31 of the first embodiment. Theserver program 94 is a file server program which offers file access via the network such as NFS (Network File System). Theserver program 94 offers a means for allowing thehost computers 1′ to be able to access a file system prepared in thestorage device subsystem 2 by thefile server 9. Such an NAS (Network Attached Storage) arrangement may be possible that thestorage device subsystem 2 andfile server 9 cause thehost computer 1′ to look as if there were a single storage device. - A
client program 11′ of each of thehost computers 1′ functions to communicate with theserver program 94 of thefile server 9 in such a manner that an application program running on thehost computer 1′ can use the file system prepared in thestorage device subsystem 2 by thefile server 9. Theclient program 11′ may be built in an operating system (not shown) of thehost computer 1′ depending on the system configuration. Theclient program 11′ requires thecontrol manager 93 to make a new file system or to modify the size of the existing file system. In order that thehost computer 1′ can modify the size of the existing file system during run of thecomputer 1′, thestorage device subsystem 2 of the present embodiment has a function of moving the data present in a logical device to a physical disk unit different from a physical disk units having the logical device already formed therein. As a specific technique for realizing such a function, such a known technique as, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,956,750 can be employed. Therefore detailed explanation thereof will be omitted in this specification. -
FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations carried out when theclient program 11′ of thehost computer 1′ forms a new file system. The operations are carried out when a user using thehost computer 1′ or an application program running on thehost computer 1′ requires a new file system area. Theclient program 11′ accepts specification of data about a necessary device according to a request from the user or application program. The accepted data include, as in thestep 1001 in the first embodiment ofFIG. 4 , a capacity, performance conditions and reliability level of the necessary device (step 2001). Theclient program 11′ then transmits the specified capacity, performance conditions and reliability level specified at thestep 2001 to thecontrol manager 93 to require the new file system area. Thecontrol manager 93, on the basis of the data accepted from theclient program 11′, searches for and prepares the assignable device area and returns its result to theclient program 11′. The then operation of thecontrol manager 93 will be explained later (step 2002). Theclient program 11′ receives a response to the request of the new area from thecontrol manager 93. The response then received includes a mount point such as a host name or host IP address of the file server in the case of NFS, and a directory name (step 2003). Theclient program 11′, on the basis of the data received from thecontrol manager 93, mounts the file system (step 2004). Finally, theclient program 11′ informs the user or application program of the assigned mount point and terminates its operation (step 2005). -
FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations carried out by thecontrol manager 93 in response to the request of the new area from theclient program 11′. The operations are carried out basically in the same manner as in those of thecontrol manager 31 in the first embodiment ofFIG. 5 . In this connection, the operation of thestep 1107 inFIG. 5 is changed to the operations ofsteps step 1107 inFIG. 5 , such data is processed in the present embodiment. To this end, thecontrol manager 93 passes data about the device such as the target ID to the server program 94 (step 2107), and receives data about the mount point from the server program 94 (step 2111). And thecontrol manager 93 passes the mount point data received from theserver program 94 to theclient program 11′ and then terminates its operation (step 2112). -
FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations carried out by the server program when receiving the device data from the control manager. Theserver program 94, when receiving the device data from the control manager 93 (step 2201), performs device reconfiguring operation of thefile server 9. More in detail, this operation is substantially the same as that of thestep 1005 in the first embodiment ofFIG. 4 (step 2202). Subsequently theserver program 94 creates a file system in the new device (step 2203), and returns data indicative of the mount point of the file system to the control manager 93 (step 2204). - Through the above operation, there can be added a new file system which can be used by the
host computer 1′. -
FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations carried out by thecontrol manager 93 at the time of modifying the size of the existing file system. The operation ofFIG. 17 is different from the operation ofFIG. 15 at the time of requiring a new file system in respects which follow. - When it is desired to modify the size of the existing file system, the user or application program issues a request to the
client program 11′ containing data such as the mount point of the file system to be modified in its size and the size to be expanded or reduced. Theclient program 11′, using the data specified by the user or application program, requires thecontrol manager 93 to modify the size of the file system. Thecontrol manager 93 receives the mount point of the file system to be processed and the size to be expanded, from theclient program 11′ (step 2301). Thecontrol manager 93, on the basis of the mount point received from theclient program 11′, acquires data about the target ID, LUN, etc. of the logical device storing therein the file system to be processed, to identify the logical device. And thecontrol manager 93 acquires the type of the logical device, that is, data on its reliability, performance, etc. (step 2302). Subsequently, as when a new file system is added, thecontrol manager 93, on the basis of the data acquired at thesteps steps 1102 to 1110). Thereaftercontrol manager 93 instructs, at astep 2304, thestorage device subsystem 2 to move or transfer the data from the logical device having the file system so far recorded therein to the new secured logical device. The data transfer is carried out transparently from theserver program 94. Since thehost computer 1′ makes access to thestorage device subsystem 2 via theserver program 94, this operation becomes transparent vent from thehost computer 1′. Accordingly, it is unnecessary to stop the operation during the data transfer. After finishing the data transfer, thecontrol manager 93 instructs theserver program 94 to expand the file system. Even when the capacity of the device is actually increased, all the capacity of the expanded file system cannot be used so long as the file system is not reformed. Thecontrol manager 93, after instructing theserver program 94 to expand the file system, informs theclient program 11′ of completion of the operation and terminates its operation (step 2305). - Through the above operation, the size modification of the existing file system can be realized while the
host computer 1′ is being run. When it is desired to modify the size of the existing file system, theclient program 11′, after receiving its notification from thecontrol manager 93, can use the expanded file system as it is. In this case, thus, it is unnecessary to carry out the operations of thesteps FIG. 14 . -
FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of a computer system in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The computer system of the present embodiment includes a plurality ofhost computers 1″ (host computers 1 a″, 1 b″, . . . , and 1 n″), a managinghost computer 3, astorage device subsystem 2′, and asubstorage device 5. Thehost computers 1″ andstorage device subsystem 2′ are connected each other by afibre channel switch 8. Thehost computers 1″,storage device subsystem 2′ andfibre channel switch 8 are mutually connected by means of anetwork 4. Thefibre channel switch 8 having a plurality ofports 81 performs switching operation of connections between theports 81 to realize data transfer to the devices connected thereto. Thefibre channel switch 8 also has anetwork interface 82 for communication via thenetwork 4. Each of thehost computers 1″ has avolume manager 11″ and a single or a plurality ofinterfaces 12. The interface or interfaces 12 of thehost computer 1″ are connected to any of the plurality ofports 81 of thefibre channel switch 8. - The
storage device subsystem 2′ has an inter-controller connectingmechanism 27 which performs interconnection between a plurality ofclusters 26. Each of theclusters 26 has achannel processor 23′, adrive processor 22′, and a plurality ofdisk units 21. Thechannel processor 23′ and driveprocessor 22′ in the same cluster are coupled with each other by means of abus 28 higher in data transfer rate than the inter-controller connectingmechanism 27. Eachchannel processor 23′ having a single or a plurality ofports 231 is connected to thesubstorage device 5 or to thehost computers 1″ via thefibre channel switch 8. Eachdrive processor 22′ is connected with a plurality ofdisk units 21. In the present embodiment, thesedisk units 21 are combined into a single or a plurality of logical devices, or thesingle disk unit 21 is made up of a single or a plurality of logical devices. In this connection, it is assumed that the single logical device cannot be made of any combination of thedisk units 21 included in theplural clusters 26. - The
channel processor 23′ causes eachhost computer 1″ to look as if there were a single or a plurality of logical devices, and accepts access from eachhost computer 1″. On principle, thechannel processor 23′ manages logical devices formed by thedisk units 21 belonging to thechannel processor 23′. This is because communication between thechannel processor 23′ and driveprocessor 22′ in thesame cluster 26 can be made faster than the communication between the clusters. When thechannel processor 23′ in a givencluster 26 becomes inoperative due to a factor such as a trouble, however, the operation of thechannel processor 23′ is replaced by thechannel processor 23′ of anothercluster 26. Thechannel processor 23′ identifies thedisk units 21 by which the logical device specified by thehost computer 1″ is formed, and passes its request to theright drive processor 22′. Thedrive processor 22′ interprets the request received from thechannel processor 23′, generates disk access request to thedisk unit 21 of which the logical device is composed, and sends the disk access request to eachcorresponding disk unit 21. - The
host computer 1″ has substantially the same structure as thehost computer 1 in the first embodiment, but is slightly different therefrom in the function of thevolume manager 11″ running thereon. Thevolume manager 11″ has a function of, in addition to the function of assigning and returning the logical device by thevolume manager 11 in the first embodiment, combining a plurality of logical devices into another logical device so as to cause the upper-level application program recognizes as if the plural logical devices were the single other logical device. The logical device formed by thevolume manager 11″ will be hereinafter denoted by LVOL to draw a distinction from the logical device managed by thestorage device subsystem 2′. Thevolume manager 11″ can combine a plurality of logical devices into a large single LVOL or divide a single logical device into a plurality of areas to cause the application program on thehost computer 1″ to use these areas as LVOLs. Further, thevolume manager 11″ can combine the existing LVOL and a new logical device to expand the capacity of the LVOL. -
FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations carried out by thevolume manager 11″ when a volume is newly assigned in the present embodiment. The operations to be explained herein correspond to astep 1002′ replaced by thestep 1002, andsteps 1005′ and 1006′ replaced by thestep 1006 in the device assigning operation in the first embodiment ofFIG. 4 . The other steps are carried out in substantially the same manner as the corresponding steps inFIG. 4 . Explanation will be made as to the operations of thesteps 1002′, 1005′ and 1006′. - At the
step 1002′, thevolume manager 11″ searches an LVOL management table managed thereby for a set of WWN and LUN not used. An example of the LVOL management table is shown inFIG. 20 . Registered in the LVOL management table are data as a set ofLVOL name 151,device file name 152,size 153,WWN 154 andLUN 155 for each device. TheLVOL name 151 is an identifier for distinction between LVOLs provided to the application program by thevolume manager 11″. Thedevice file name 152 is the name of the logical device forming an LVOL. Thevolume manager 11″ manages the logical devices belonging to the LVOLs on the basis of the device file name. Thesize 153 indicates the capacity of each logical device forming an LVOL. Since one LVOL may form a plurality of logical devices, a plurality of device files may belong to one LVOL name. - At the
step 1005′, thevolume manager 11″ creates a new LVOL using the logical device assigned by thecontrol manager 31, and registers its contents in the LVOL management table. At thestep 1006′, thevolume manager 11″ informs the user of the LVOL name already assigned and terminates its operation. -
FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations carried out by the volume manager when the capacity of the LVOL is expanded in response to a request from the user or application program. When the capacity of the LVOL is expanded, the volume manager prepares a new logical device, and combine the prepared logical device with the logical device forming the LVOL to be expanded to thereby form a new LVOL. At this time, it is common that the newly prepared logical device of the same type as the logical device forming the LVOL to be expanded. In the present embodiment, thevolume manager 11″ judges the type of the logical device forming the LVOL to be expanded and allocates the same type of logical device. - In the operation, the
volume manager 11″ first receives data about the LVOL name of the LVOL to be expanded as well as the capacity to be expanded from the user or application program (step 2501). Next thevolume manager 11″ inquires the type of the logical device forming the LVOL to be expanded of the control manager 31 (step 2502). Thevolume manager 11″ searches the LVOL management table for a set of WWN and LUN not used (step 2503). Thevolume manager 11″ sends to thecontrol manager 31 the type of the logical device as well as the set of WWN and LUN not used, acquired at thesteps 2502 and 2503 (step 3504). Thevolume manager 11″, when receiving the data on the newly assigned logical device from the control manager 31 (step 2505), performs reconfiguring operation of thehost computer 1″ to allow thehost computer 1″ to be able to recognize the newly-assigned logical device (step 2506). Finally, thevolume manager 11″ adds the newly-assigned logical device to the LVOL to be expanded to expand the capacity of the LVOL and terminates its operation (step 2507). - When receiving a request about assignment of a new logical volume from the
volume manager 11″ at thestep 1003 inFIG. 19 and at thestep 2504 inFIG. 21 , thecontrol manager 31 searches for and assign the type and capacity of the device required by thevolume manager 11″ in either case. To this end, thecontrol manager 31 has, in addition to such a logical device management table as shown inFIG. 9 , a cluster data table having data about theclusters 26 in thestorage device subsystem 2′ set therein. -
FIG. 22 is an exemplary structure of a cluster data management table. The cluster data management table sets therein entries for eachcluster 26, that is, a set ofcluster number 161 for identification of the cluster,port number 162 of the port having the cluster, andWWN 163 assigned to the port, for eachcluster 26. When a plurality of ports are provided to onecluster 26 as illustrated, the respective port numbers and WWNs are set in the corresponding entries of the cluster in question. As already explained above, when a logical device was formed for thedisk units 21 connected to thedrive processor 22′, it is desirable from the performance viewpoint that theport 231 in the same cluster can access the logical device. Thecontrol manager 31, on the basis of the cluster data table, sets the devices in such a manner that theport 231 used for access from thehost computer 1″ and thedrive processor 22′ connected with thedisk unit 21 formed by a logical device to be newly assigned belong to the same cluster. -
FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations in the device assigning process by thecontrol manager 31. The device assigning operations of the present embodiment are carried out in substantially the same manner as those of the second embodiment ofFIG. 11 , but are partly different from the second embodiment due to a difference in structure between the storage device subsystems. More specifically, when a request to form a new device is issued from thecontrol manager 31 to thestorage device subsystem 2′ at astep 1109, thestorage device subsystem 2′ forms a device in response to the request. When the new logical device is formed in thestorage device subsystem 2′, thecontrol manager 31 receives data indicative of thecluster 26 in which the new logical device was formed therefrom (step 2610). Thecontrol manager 31 determines the port from which the new logical device can be accessed by referring to the data on the logical device received from thestorage device subsystem 2′ and by referring to the cluster data management table. Thecontrol manager 31, based on the unused LUN information, further determines the LUN of the device to be newly assigned (step 2604). Thecontrol manager 31 finally sends data of WWN, LUN, etc. necessary for access of the logical volume to be newly assigned to thevolume manager 11′ (step 2607). - Operations other than the operations already explained above are substantially the same as the operations of the control manager in the second embodiment of
FIG. 11 , and thus detailed explanation of parts having substantially the same function as those inFIG. 11 is omitted. - In accordance with the foregoing embodiments, even when the host computer is operating, the device assigning operation can be carried out in response to its request. Further, even when a plurality of devices configured by the fibre channel switch are mixedly provided, the device satisfying a request from the host computer can be assigned to the host computer.
- It should be appreciated that the present intention is not to limit the invention only to the foregoing embodiments shown but rather to include all alterations, modifications and equivalent arrangements possible within the gist and spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A computer system, comprising:
first computers issuing a file access request;
a storage system comprising disks, and a disk controller coupled to said disks; and
a file server coupled to said first computers and said storage system to provide a file access method to said first computers,
wherein said file server:
receives a file system allocation request from one of the first computers;
prepares a first device in said storage system satisfying the received request;
creates a file system in said first device in said storage system; and
informs a mount point information of said file system to said one of the first computers.
2. A computer system according to claim 1 , wherein said allocation request includes a capacity, a performance condition, and a reliability level of said file system.
3. A computer system according to claim 1 , wherein said file server comprises a control manager and server program; and
wherein said control manager searches for said first device, passes information about said first device to said server program, and receives said mount point information from said server program.
4. A computer system according to claim 1 , wherein said file server receives a request to modify the size of said file system, prepares a second device in said storage system satisfying said request, moves said file system in said first device to said second device, and modifies the size of said file system.
5. In a computer system comprising:
first computers issuing a file access request;
a storage system comprising disks, and a disk controller coupled to said disks; and
a file server coupled to said first computers and said storage system to provide a file access method to said first computers,
a method, performed by said file server, comprising the steps of:
receiving a file system allocation request from one of the first computers;
preparing a first device in said storage system satisfying the received request;
creating a file system in said first device in said storage system; and
informing a mount point information of said file system to said one of the first computers.
6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein said allocation request includes a capacity, a performance condition, and a reliability level of said file system.
7. A method according to claim 5 , further comprising the steps of:
searching, by a control manager of the file server, for said first device;
passing information about said first device, by the control manager, to a server program of the file server; and
receiving, by the control manager, said mount point information from said server program.
8. A method according to claim 5 , further comprising the steps of:
receiving, by the file server, a request to modify the size of said file system;
preparing, by the file server, a second device in said storage system satisfying said request;
moving, by the file server, said file system in said first device to said second device; and
modifying, by the file server, the size of said file system.
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Also Published As
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US20050149688A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
US20020091828A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
US6854034B1 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
US6907498B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 |
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