US20080065117A1 - Systems and methods for applying tissue-piercing fasteners - Google Patents
Systems and methods for applying tissue-piercing fasteners Download PDFInfo
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- US20080065117A1 US20080065117A1 US11/978,753 US97875307A US2008065117A1 US 20080065117 A1 US20080065117 A1 US 20080065117A1 US 97875307 A US97875307 A US 97875307A US 2008065117 A1 US2008065117 A1 US 2008065117A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
-
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S623/00—Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
- Y10S623/902—Method of implanting
- Y10S623/903—Blood vessel
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to the attachment of a vascular prosthesis to a native vessel, and in particular, to a method and system of devices for the repair of diseased and/or damaged sections of a vessel.
- aneurysms of the aorta primarily occur in abdominal region, usually in the infrarenal area between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation. Aneurysms can also occur in the thoracic region between the aortic arch and renal arteries. The rupture of an aortic aneurysm results in massive hemorrhaging and has a high rate of mortality.
- Open surgical replacement of a diseased or damaged section of vessel can eliminate the risk of vessel rupture.
- a prosthetic graft made either in a straight of bifurcated configuration, is installed and then permanently attached and sealed to the ends of the native vessel by suture.
- the prosthetic grafts for these procedures are usually unsupported woven tubes and are typically made from polyester, ePTFE or other suitable materials.
- the grafts are longitudinally unsupported so they can accommodate changes in the morphology of the aneurysm and native vessel.
- these procedures require a large surgical incision and have a high rate of morbidity and mortality.
- many patients are unsuitable for this type of major surgery due to other co morbidities.
- Endovascular aneurysm repair has been introduced to overcome the problems associated with open surgical repair.
- the aneurysm is bridged with a vascular prosthesis, which is placed intraluminally.
- vascular prosthesis which is placed intraluminally.
- these prosthetic grafts for aortic aneurysms are delivered collapsed on a catheter through the femoral artery.
- These grafts are usually designed with a fabric material attached to a metallic scaffolding (stent) structure, which expands or is expanded to contact the internal diameter of the vessel.
- intraluminally deployed grafts are not sutured to the native vessel, but rely on either barbs extending from the stent, which penetrate into the native vessel during deployment, or the radial expansion force of the stent itself is utilized to hold the graft in position.
- These graft attachment means do not provide the same level of attachment when compared to suture and can damage the native vessel upon deployment.
- an endovascular aneurysm repair system that first provides a prosthetic graft, which can adapt to changes in aneurysm morphology and be deployed without damaging the native vessel and second, a separate endovascular fastening system that provides permanent graft attachment to the vessel wall.
- the present invention provides improved methods and systems for implanting vascular stents and stent-grafts into blood vessels, including both arterial and venous systems.
- stent-grafts are placed in vasculature to reinforce aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms.
- One aspect of the invention provides systems and methods for introducing a tissue fastener applier to apply tissue-piercing fasteners to a body organ sequentially along a path established by the directing device that, between fastener applications, is manipulated into orientation with different desired fastening sites, until a plurality of tissue-piercing fasteners are placed, one-at-a-time, in the prosthesis.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an endovascular graft delivery device shown positioned within an abdominal aortic aneurysm;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment the deployment of an endovascular graft within the aneurysm of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a fully deployed straight endovascular graft of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a fully deployed bifurcated endovascular graft broken away to show an anchoring scaffold at one end;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 5 showing an alternative scaffold structure
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a device for directing the fastener applier
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the device of FIG. 6 upon insertion within the deployed endovascular graft of FIG. 3 with both the graft and scaffolding broken away;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 6 showing activation of one embodiment of a stabilizing device attached to the directing device;
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the control assembly in FIG. 8 articulating the directing device of FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the stabilization device of FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the activation of the alternative stabilization device of FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the stabilization device of FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing activation of the stabilization device of FIG. 12 ;
- FIG. 14 is one embodiment of the fastener applier
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the fastener applier of FIG. 14 being positioned within directing device of FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the fastener applier of FIG. 14 ;
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the attachment applier showing one embodiment of the proximal end of the helical fastener and the drive mechanism;
- FIG. 18 is a enlarged perspective view of one embodiment of the helical fastener of FIG. 16 ;
- FIG. 19 is an enlarged view of the attachment applier showing one embodiment of the control assembly that activates the fastener applier;
- FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of the attachment applied activated with a fastener implanted into the graft and vessel wall;
- FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of the completed attachment of the proximal graft of FIG. 3 to the vessel wall with fasteners;
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the graft of FIG. 4 completely attached to the vessel.
- FIG. 1 depicts an endovascular graft delivery catheter 10 being positioned within an abdominal aortic aneurysm 11 over a guidewire 12 .
- FIG. 2 depicts the initial stage of graft deployment within a vessel.
- the delivery catheter 10 has a movable cover 13 over the graft. When the cover is pulled proximally the graft 14 expands to contact the internal walls of the vessel. It is contemplated that the graft could be self-expanding or utilize an expanding member such as a balloon or mechanical expander. The process of graft deployment is continued until the graft is fully deployed within the vessel. It is contemplated that the graft could be in either a straight or bifurcated form. FIG.
- FIG. 3 depicts a completely deployed straight graft 14 and FIG. 4 depicts a completely deployed bifurcated graft 15 .
- the guidewire 11 used to deliver and position the graft remains within the vessel for access of the fastener attachment system.
- One embodiment of the graft scaffolding 16 (stent) is illustrated in the area broke away in FIG. 4 .
- the stent is in the form of a simple zigzag pattern, however it is contemplated that the stent design could involve more complex patterns 17 as depicted in FIG. 5 .
- FIGS. 4 and 5 it is contemplated that multiple independent stent structures could be incorporated into the graft. 1391 FIG.
- FIG. 6 depicts one embodiment of the directing device 18 with an obturator 19 positioned within the lumen of the directing device and extending past the distal of the tip of the directing device.
- the obturator has a lumen to allow for delivery over a guidewire.
- FIG. 7 depicts the directing device being positioned within the deployed endovascular graft over a guidewire 12 .
- the directing device has an incorporated stabilizing device 20 to aid in maintaining position of the directing device within the vessel.
- the stabilizing device 20 is spring-loaded and is positioned for use when the obturator in the directing device is removed FIG. 8 .
- the directing device is activated though a control assembly 21 as seen in FIG. 8 .
- control assembly 21 features a movable wheel or lever 22 , which deflects the distal tip 23 of the directing device 18 to the desired location as seen in FIG. 9 .
- control assembly for the directing device could be activated mechanically, electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically.
- the control assembly has a through lumen to allow for the passage of the obturator and fastener applier.
- FIG. 10 depicts another embodiment the stabilizing device as a movable strut assembly 24 .
- the movable strut assembly is activated through a lever 25 on the control assembly FIG. 11 .
- the stabilizing device is distal to the end of the directing device.
- the stabilizing device could be in the form of an expandable member 26 adjacent to the distal tip of the directing device FIG. 12 .
- the expandable member 26 is shown activated through a lever 25 on the control assembly FIG. 13 .
- this type of stabilizing device could also be inflatable.
- the stabilizing device could be use to stabilize the directing member either concentrically or eccentrically within the vessel.
- a separate tubular device could be used in cooperation with the directing device and to access the vessel.
- This separate tubular device could incorporate the stabilizing devices used above with the directing device.
- FIG. 14 depicts one embodiment of the fastener applier 27 .
- FIG. 14A is a detail view of the distal end of the fastener applier.
- FIG. 15 depicts the fastener applier being positioned through the lumen of the directing device to the site where a fastener will be installed.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of fastener applier 27 and directing device 18 .
- the helical fastener 28 is rotated via a fastener driver 29 through a drive shaft 30 that is connected to the control assembly 31 .
- the drive shaft 30 can be made of any material that allows for both bending and rotation.
- the drive shaft is connected to the fastener driver 29 , which engages and imparts torque to the helical fastener.
- FIG. 16 illustrates the coils of the helical fastener 28 engaged with internal grooves 32 within the fastener applier. It is contemplated that the grooves could be positioned along the entire length of the fastener or within a portion of its length.
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the fastener applier 27 with a cross-section of the fastener driver 29 depicting one embodiment of engagement between the fastener driver and helical fastener 28 .
- the proximal coil of the helical fastener is formed to produce a diagonal member 33 , which crosses the diameter of the helical fastener.
- Similar helical fasteners are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,964,772; 5,824,008; 5,582,616; and 6,296,656, the full disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- FIG. 18 depicts one embodiment of the helical fastener 28 showing the diagonal member 33 .
- FIG. 19 depicts one embodiment of the fastener applier 27 during activation of the fastener applier control assembly. Activation of the control assembly rotates the drive shaft, faster driver and helical fastener. This rotation causes the helical fastener 28 to travel within the internal grooves 32 of the fastener applier and into the graft 14 and vessel wall 34 FIG. 20 . It is contemplated that the control assembly for the fastener applier could be activated mechanically, electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically.
- FIG. 21 illustrates a completed helical fastener 28 attachment of the graft 14 to the vessel wall 34 . It is contemplated that one or more fasteners will be required to provide secure attachment of the graft to the vessel wall.
- FIG. 22 illustrates a perspective view of a graft prosthesis attached to the vessel wall both proximally and distally. It is contemplated that the present invention can be used for graft attachment of both,straight and bifurcated grafts 15 within the aorta and other branch vessels.
- the components and/or features of the preferred embodiments described herein may be used together or separately, while the depicted methods and devices may be combined or modified in whole or in part. It is contemplated that the components of the directing device, fastener applier and helical fastener may be alternately oriented relative to each other, for example, offset, bi-axial, etc. Further, it will be understood that the various embodiments may be used in additional procedures not described herein, such as vascular trauma, arterial dissections, artificial heart valve attachment and attachment of other prosthetic device within the vascular system and generally within the body.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/166,411, filed Jun. 24, 2005 entitled “Endovascular Aneurysm Repair System,” which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/271,334 filed Oct. 15, 2002 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,960,217), which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/333,937 filed Nov. 28, 2001.
- The invention relates generally to the attachment of a vascular prosthesis to a native vessel, and in particular, to a method and system of devices for the repair of diseased and/or damaged sections of a vessel.
- Description of Related Art. The weakening of a vessel wall from damaged or diseased can lead to vessel dilatation and the formation of an aneurysm. Left untreated, an aneurysm can grow in size and will eventually rupture.
- For example, aneurysms of the aorta primarily occur in abdominal region, usually in the infrarenal area between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation. Aneurysms can also occur in the thoracic region between the aortic arch and renal arteries. The rupture of an aortic aneurysm results in massive hemorrhaging and has a high rate of mortality.
- Open surgical replacement of a diseased or damaged section of vessel can eliminate the risk of vessel rupture. In this procedure, the diseased or damaged section of vessel is removed and a prosthetic graft, made either in a straight of bifurcated configuration, is installed and then permanently attached and sealed to the ends of the native vessel by suture. The prosthetic grafts for these procedures are usually unsupported woven tubes and are typically made from polyester, ePTFE or other suitable materials. The grafts are longitudinally unsupported so they can accommodate changes in the morphology of the aneurysm and native vessel. However, these procedures require a large surgical incision and have a high rate of morbidity and mortality. In addition, many patients are unsuitable for this type of major surgery due to other co morbidities.
- Endovascular aneurysm repair has been introduced to overcome the problems associated with open surgical repair. The aneurysm is bridged with a vascular prosthesis, which is placed intraluminally. Typically these prosthetic grafts for aortic aneurysms are delivered collapsed on a catheter through the femoral artery. These grafts are usually designed with a fabric material attached to a metallic scaffolding (stent) structure, which expands or is expanded to contact the internal diameter of the vessel. Unlike open surgical aneurysm repair, intraluminally deployed grafts are not sutured to the native vessel, but rely on either barbs extending from the stent, which penetrate into the native vessel during deployment, or the radial expansion force of the stent itself is utilized to hold the graft in position. These graft attachment means do not provide the same level of attachment when compared to suture and can damage the native vessel upon deployment.
- Accordingly, there is a need for an endovascular aneurysm repair system that first provides a prosthetic graft, which can adapt to changes in aneurysm morphology and be deployed without damaging the native vessel and second, a separate endovascular fastening system that provides permanent graft attachment to the vessel wall.
- The methods and apparatus for implanting radially expandable prostheses in body lumens are described. In particular, the present invention provides improved methods and systems for implanting vascular stents and stent-grafts into blood vessels, including both arterial and venous systems. In the exemplary embodiments, stent-grafts are placed in vasculature to reinforce aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms.
- One aspect of the invention provides systems and methods for introducing a tissue fastener applier to apply tissue-piercing fasteners to a body organ sequentially along a path established by the directing device that, between fastener applications, is manipulated into orientation with different desired fastening sites, until a plurality of tissue-piercing fasteners are placed, one-at-a-time, in the prosthesis.
- The invention will be understood from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an endovascular graft delivery device shown positioned within an abdominal aortic aneurysm; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment the deployment of an endovascular graft within the aneurysm ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a fully deployed straight endovascular graft ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a fully deployed bifurcated endovascular graft broken away to show an anchoring scaffold at one end; -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view similar toFIG. 5 showing an alternative scaffold structure; -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a device for directing the fastener applier; -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the device ofFIG. 6 upon insertion within the deployed endovascular graft ofFIG. 3 with both the graft and scaffolding broken away; -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the device ofFIG. 6 showing activation of one embodiment of a stabilizing device attached to the directing device; -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the control assembly inFIG. 8 articulating the directing device ofFIG. 6 ; -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the stabilization device ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the activation of the alternative stabilization device ofFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the stabilization device ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing activation of the stabilization device ofFIG. 12 ; -
FIG. 14 is one embodiment of the fastener applier; -
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the fastener applier ofFIG. 14 being positioned within directing device ofFIG. 6 ; -
FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the fastener applier ofFIG. 14 ; -
FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the attachment applier showing one embodiment of the proximal end of the helical fastener and the drive mechanism; -
FIG. 18 is a enlarged perspective view of one embodiment of the helical fastener ofFIG. 16 ; -
FIG. 19 is an enlarged view of the attachment applier showing one embodiment of the control assembly that activates the fastener applier; -
FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of the attachment applied activated with a fastener implanted into the graft and vessel wall; -
FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of the completed attachment of the proximal graft ofFIG. 3 to the vessel wall with fasteners; -
FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the graft ofFIG. 4 completely attached to the vessel. -
FIG. 1 depicts an endovasculargraft delivery catheter 10 being positioned within an abdominalaortic aneurysm 11 over aguidewire 12.FIG. 2 depicts the initial stage of graft deployment within a vessel. Thedelivery catheter 10 has amovable cover 13 over the graft. When the cover is pulled proximally thegraft 14 expands to contact the internal walls of the vessel. It is contemplated that the graft could be self-expanding or utilize an expanding member such as a balloon or mechanical expander. The process of graft deployment is continued until the graft is fully deployed within the vessel. It is contemplated that the graft could be in either a straight or bifurcated form.FIG. 3 depicts a completely deployedstraight graft 14 andFIG. 4 depicts a completely deployed bifurcatedgraft 15. Theguidewire 11 used to deliver and position the graft remains within the vessel for access of the fastener attachment system. One embodiment of the graft scaffolding 16 (stent) is illustrated in the area broke away inFIG. 4 . The stent is in the form of a simple zigzag pattern, however it is contemplated that the stent design could involve morecomplex patterns 17 as depicted inFIG. 5 . Although only one stent structure within the graft is depicted, inFIGS. 4 and 5 , it is contemplated that multiple independent stent structures could be incorporated into the graft. 1391FIG. 6 depicts one embodiment of the directingdevice 18 with anobturator 19 positioned within the lumen of the directing device and extending past the distal of the tip of the directing device. The obturator has a lumen to allow for delivery over a guidewire.FIG. 7 depicts the directing device being positioned within the deployed endovascular graft over aguidewire 12. The directing device has an incorporated stabilizingdevice 20 to aid in maintaining position of the directing device within the vessel. In one embodiment, the stabilizingdevice 20 is spring-loaded and is positioned for use when the obturator in the directing device is removedFIG. 8 . The directing device is activated though acontrol assembly 21 as seen inFIG. 8 . In one embodiment thecontrol assembly 21 features a movable wheel orlever 22, which deflects thedistal tip 23 of the directingdevice 18 to the desired location as seen inFIG. 9 . It is contemplated that the control assembly for the directing device could be activated mechanically, electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically. The control assembly has a through lumen to allow for the passage of the obturator and fastener applier.FIG. 10 depicts another embodiment the stabilizing device as amovable strut assembly 24. The movable strut assembly is activated through alever 25 on the control assemblyFIG. 11 . In both embodiments (FIG. 7 and 10) the stabilizing device is distal to the end of the directing device. In another embodiment the stabilizing device could be in the form of anexpandable member 26 adjacent to the distal tip of the directing deviceFIG. 12 . In one embodiment, theexpandable member 26 is shown activated through alever 25 on the control assemblyFIG. 13 . However it also contemplated that this type of stabilizing device could also be inflatable. In all embodiments the stabilizing device could be use to stabilize the directing member either concentrically or eccentrically within the vessel. - In another embodiment of the invention a separate tubular device could be used in cooperation with the directing device and to access the vessel. This separate tubular device could incorporate the stabilizing devices used above with the directing device.
-
FIG. 14 depicts one embodiment of thefastener applier 27.FIG. 14A is a detail view of the distal end of the fastener applier.FIG. 15 depicts the fastener applier being positioned through the lumen of the directing device to the site where a fastener will be installed. -
FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view offastener applier 27 and directingdevice 18. In one embodiment of the fastener applier thehelical fastener 28 is rotated via afastener driver 29 through adrive shaft 30 that is connected to thecontrol assembly 31. Thedrive shaft 30 can be made of any material that allows for both bending and rotation. The drive shaft is connected to thefastener driver 29, which engages and imparts torque to the helical fastener.FIG. 16 illustrates the coils of thehelical fastener 28 engaged withinternal grooves 32 within the fastener applier. It is contemplated that the grooves could be positioned along the entire length of the fastener or within a portion of its length.FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of thefastener applier 27 with a cross-section of thefastener driver 29 depicting one embodiment of engagement between the fastener driver andhelical fastener 28. In this embodiment the proximal coil of the helical fastener is formed to produce adiagonal member 33, which crosses the diameter of the helical fastener. Similar helical fasteners are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,964,772; 5,824,008; 5,582,616; and 6,296,656, the full disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. -
FIG. 18 depicts one embodiment of thehelical fastener 28 showing thediagonal member 33.FIG. 19 depicts one embodiment of thefastener applier 27 during activation of the fastener applier control assembly. Activation of the control assembly rotates the drive shaft, faster driver and helical fastener. This rotation causes thehelical fastener 28 to travel within theinternal grooves 32 of the fastener applier and into thegraft 14 andvessel wall 34FIG. 20 . It is contemplated that the control assembly for the fastener applier could be activated mechanically, electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically. -
FIG. 21 illustrates a completedhelical fastener 28 attachment of thegraft 14 to thevessel wall 34. It is contemplated that one or more fasteners will be required to provide secure attachment of the graft to the vessel wall. -
FIG. 22 illustrates a perspective view of a graft prosthesis attached to the vessel wall both proximally and distally. It is contemplated that the present invention can be used for graft attachment of both,straight andbifurcated grafts 15 within the aorta and other branch vessels. - It will be appreciated that the components and/or features of the preferred embodiments described herein may be used together or separately, while the depicted methods and devices may be combined or modified in whole or in part. It is contemplated that the components of the directing device, fastener applier and helical fastener may be alternately oriented relative to each other, for example, offset, bi-axial, etc. Further, it will be understood that the various embodiments may be used in additional procedures not described herein, such as vascular trauma, arterial dissections, artificial heart valve attachment and attachment of other prosthetic device within the vascular system and generally within the body.
- The preferred embodiments of the invention are described above in detail for the purpose of setting forth a complete disclosure and for the sake of explanation and clarity. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and sprit of the present disclosure.
Claims (24)
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