US20050108960A1 - Polymer concrete pipe - Google Patents
Polymer concrete pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050108960A1 US20050108960A1 US10/986,507 US98650704A US2005108960A1 US 20050108960 A1 US20050108960 A1 US 20050108960A1 US 98650704 A US98650704 A US 98650704A US 2005108960 A1 US2005108960 A1 US 2005108960A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polymer concrete
- pipe
- concrete pipe
- reinforcing
- wall portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/08—Rigid pipes of concrete, cement, or asbestos cement, with or without reinforcement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/08—Rigid pipes of concrete, cement, or asbestos cement, with or without reinforcement
- F16L9/085—Reinforced pipes
Definitions
- Polymer concrete pipe configurations are formed to reduce the required amount of polymer concrete.
- Reinforcing ribs 16 may be spaced and sized as necessary to provide the needed reinforcement in the exterior of the pipe. Besides bending tension, the reinforcement in the reinforcing rib carries the bending and ring compression loads that otherwise would have been at least partially carried by the polymer concrete portion that, in a smooth walled pipe, would fill the “valley” (void space) 35 between the ribs.
- Any suitable polymer concrete material can be used to form the polymer concrete pipe.
- Examples of potentially suitable polymer concrete material are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,048,593; 6,034,155; 4,737,538 and 4,371,639, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/525,506, file Nov. 26, 2003, the entire specification of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- The present application relates generally to polymer concrete pipe, and more particularly to polymer concrete pipe having a cost-saving configuration.
- Polymer concretes have been known and used for various purposes for some time. Examples of polymer concrete compositions include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,048,593; 6,034,155; 4,737,538 and 4,371,639.
- One of the primary obstacles to widespread use of polymer concrete compositions is the cost associated with such compositions. For example, standard Portland cement concretes tend to cost about one fifth (⅕) that of a typical polymer concrete mix. To date, use of polymer concrete compositions has been mostly limited to specialized applications where the price of the structure formed of the polymer concrete composition can be justified and obtained in the marketplace. In most applications for concrete pipe, the additional cost cannot be justified in the marketplace. However, in certain concrete pipe applications it would be desirable to use pipe having the advantageous properties of polymer concrete. Those advantageous properties include added strength and exceptional chemical and corrosion resistance.
- Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a polymer concrete pipe configuration that provides the advantages of polymer concrete while at the same time reducing the impact of the high price of polymer concrete.
- Polymer concrete pipe configurations are formed to reduce the required amount of polymer concrete.
- The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-section along a longitudinal axis of one embodiment of a polymer concrete pipe incorporating a series of spaced apart ribs; -
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-section along a longitudinal axis of another embodiment of a polymer concrete pipe incorporating a series of spaced apart ribs; -
FIGS. 3 and 3 A illustrate another embodiment of a polymer pipe using a reinforcing void form; -
FIGS. 4A-4C are cross-section views of various reinforcing void form embodiments; and -
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-section along a longitudinal axis of another embodiment of a polymer concrete pipe. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , an exemplarypolymer concrete pipe 10 has inner diameter D and includes a unitarytubular member 12 having aprimary wall portion 14 and a plurality of reinforcingribs 16 extending radially outwardly from the wall portion's periphery, positioned at selected locations along a length of the tubular member. The reinforcingribs 16 are sized and positioned to reinforce theprimary wall portion 14 and can be formed of the same polymer concrete forming theprimary wall portion 14 of thetubular member 12. The ribs may be unitary with the primary wall where the primary wall and the ribs are formed simultaneously with each other. In the example ofFIG. 1 , the ribs are generally annular in configuration. - In the illustrated embodiment of
FIG. 1 , reinforcingmembers 18 located in the primary wall have a solid, circular cross-section and are arranged in an overlapping cross-hatch style forming a layer orregion 21 located within the primary wall portion, while reinforcingmembers 18′ are shaped as individual bands or rings located in theribs 16. Suitable materials for forming the reinforcing members include metal, such as steel, and/or fiberglass rods or strands. As will be described below, other configurations for reinforcing members are contemplated, such as helical coil forms, void forms, elliptical, triangular, rectangular cross-sections, etc. It is recognized that in some cases, such as in relatively low load carrying applications, it is possible for only the reinforcingribs 16 to include the reinforcing member or material. It is also recognized that each rib may include more than one reinforcing member. - The reinforcing members are arranged to carry tension and compression forces. The area of concrete that can be replaced by 1 square inch of reinforcement is generally determined by the ratio of the Young's modulus of the two materials. With steel reinforcements for example, this ratio is expressed in E steel/E concrete, which in the case of polymer concrete can be in the range of 15 to 30, as compared to normal Portland cement concrete where the ratio is typically in the range of 7 to 10. Even though steel is roughly three (3) times as expensive as polymer concrete on a per pound basis and roughly nine (9) times more expensive by volume, the savings can be significant.
- Referring still to
FIG. 1 , by utilizing ribs with reinforcingmembers 18′ formed of reinforcing steel,polymer concrete pipe 10 having a primary wall thickness of ¾ T can be provided with strength characteristics comparable to a smooth walled concrete pipe having a wall thickness of T, but at a reduction in required concrete of about 20 percent or more (in some embodiments, about 30-40 percent). This reduction in the amount of required concrete can decrease the cost of thepolymer concrete pipe 10 as compared to a comparable strength smooth walled pipe. - In one example, a pipe has an inner diameter D of about 48 inches, a primary wall thickness T′ is about 2 inches and the reinforcing
ribs 16 are (i) spaced apart a length L of approximately 12 inches, (ii) raised from the wall portion 14 a height H of approximately 1.5 inches and (iii) tapered, having a base width W of about 3 inches and a top width w of about 1.5 inches, (resulting in a trapezoidal-shaped cross-section.FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-section (wall and ribs only) for another example of ribbed polymer concrete pipe having a 96 inch inner diameter and a primary wall thickness T′ of about 2.5 inches. Theribs 16 are spaced apart a length L of approximately 12 inches, are raised from the wall portion 14 a height H of approximately 2.5 inches, are tapered, having a base width W of about 4 inches and a top width w of about 1.5 inches. In both illustrated examples ofFIGS. 1 and 2 , theprimary wall portion 14 is cylindrical (both at its inner and outer surfaces), particularly right circular, and theribs 18 extend circumferentially about the primary wall portion. However, other configurations for the primary wall portion are contemplated, including non-cylindrical pipe shapes and arch shapes (for one or both of the inner and outer surfaces). Accordingly, many variations are possible. - Reinforcing
ribs 16 may be spaced and sized as necessary to provide the needed reinforcement in the exterior of the pipe. Besides bending tension, the reinforcement in the reinforcing rib carries the bending and ring compression loads that otherwise would have been at least partially carried by the polymer concrete portion that, in a smooth walled pipe, would fill the “valley” (void space) 35 between the ribs. - Referring now to
FIGS. 3 and 5 , exemplary polymer pipe configurations using void form reinforcing members 34 (FIGS. 4A-4C ) are shown. In the case of each example, a unitarytubular member 30 is formed of polymer concrete and has awall 32. A voidform reinforcing member 34 is located in the wall to displace polymer concrete and to provide compressive and tensile strength. InFIGS. 3 and 3 A, the reinforcingmember 34 is helically wound to form a coil having a relatively open, constant pitch with polymer concrete disposed between the individual turns. As above, the void form reinforcing member can be of any suitable configuration that provides the requisite reinforcement for the wall. In another example, a polymer concrete pupe such as that shown inFIGS. 3 and 3 A could utilize a solid, rod-type reinforcing member in place of a void form reinforcing member. - In
FIG. 5 , thewall 32 includes a primary wall portion 40 and circumferential ribs 42, but a helical rib could also be used, in which case voidform reinforcing member 34 could also be helical. In some cases, and as shown byFIGS. 3 and 3 A, a rib may not be included. - The void form reinforcing members can be tubular metal such as steel, or possibly tubular fiberglass. Other variations might be used. Referring also to
FIGS. 4A-4C , the void form may have a cross-section that is rectangular, triangular, round, or some other shape. - Any suitable polymer concrete material can be used to form the polymer concrete pipe. Examples of potentially suitable polymer concrete material are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,048,593; 6,034,155; 4,737,538 and 4,371,639, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
- It is to be clearly understood that the above description is intended by way of illustration and example only and is not intended to be taken by way of limitation. Other changes and modifications could be made, including both narrowing and broadening variations of the previously described embodiments and examples.
Claims (27)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/986,507 US20050108960A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2004-11-11 | Polymer concrete pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US52550603P | 2003-11-26 | 2003-11-26 | |
US10/986,507 US20050108960A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2004-11-11 | Polymer concrete pipe |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050108960A1 true US20050108960A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
Family
ID=34619653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/986,507 Abandoned US20050108960A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2004-11-11 | Polymer concrete pipe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050108960A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2488149A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04011765A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105805427A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-07-27 | 成都格瑞思文化传播有限公司 | Water conservancy water pipe facility |
CN108709027A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-26 | 安徽砼宇特构科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-stick sundries formula concrete plug |
Citations (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US133875A (en) * | 1872-12-10 | Improvement in the manufacture of cement pipes | ||
US352772A (en) * | 1886-11-16 | William john | ||
US468269A (en) * | 1892-02-02 | Metal-brace-framed concrete pipe | ||
US697642A (en) * | 1901-03-09 | 1902-04-15 | Liberty Millet | Process of strengthening clay hydraulic pipe, vases, crockery-ware, &c. |
US780789A (en) * | 1904-05-26 | 1905-01-24 | Charles T Baum Gardner | Pipe. |
US799827A (en) * | 1904-07-16 | 1905-09-19 | William L Church | Concrete flume. |
US921354A (en) * | 1905-11-15 | 1909-05-11 | Aime Joseph Bonna | Steel pipe with a double-armored concrete coating. |
US996688A (en) * | 1910-10-03 | 1911-07-04 | George Charles Vernon-Inkpen | Concrete pile. |
US1013302A (en) * | 1910-08-10 | 1912-01-02 | Vladimir V Messer | Reinforced-concrete pipe. |
US1070862A (en) * | 1912-12-13 | 1913-08-19 | George Charles Vernon-Inkpen | Concrete screw-pile for foundations and similar purposes. |
US1124284A (en) * | 1915-01-12 | Nelson Brown | Concrete culvert. | |
US1441908A (en) * | 1920-01-24 | 1923-01-09 | Bille Leon | Process of making pipes of cement |
US1671679A (en) * | 1924-09-12 | 1928-05-29 | Iowa State College | Method of increasing the supporting strength of conduits |
US1781689A (en) * | 1926-01-29 | 1930-11-18 | Burroughs Adding Machine Co | Controlling mechanism for power-driven calculating machines |
US1969374A (en) * | 1931-03-27 | 1934-08-07 | Harrison E Kleffel | Tube covering |
US2660199A (en) * | 1947-05-01 | 1953-11-24 | Gustaf A Montgomery | Reinforced concrete conduit |
US2717615A (en) * | 1953-11-03 | 1955-09-13 | Howard F Peckworth | Reinforced concrete pipe |
US3742985A (en) * | 1967-01-31 | 1973-07-03 | Chemstress Ind Inc | Reinforced pipe |
US3871410A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1975-03-18 | Trefilunion | Lattice for the reinforcement of tubular concrete elements |
US4140154A (en) * | 1976-05-13 | 1979-02-20 | Shiro Kanao | Flexible hose |
US4239419A (en) * | 1977-10-27 | 1980-12-16 | Gillen William F Jr | Precast concrete threaded pilings |
US4342475A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1982-08-03 | Midwest Plastic Fabricators, Inc. | Connector and adapter for duct systems for telephone cables and the like |
US4371639A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-02-01 | Shell Oil Company | Polyester polymer concrete compositions |
US4375489A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-03-01 | Shell Oil Company | Vinyl ester polymer concrete compositions comprising fly ash |
US4441527A (en) * | 1979-07-11 | 1984-04-10 | Tolliver Wilbur E | Concrete pipe reinforcement spacer bar |
US4588327A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1986-05-13 | Lin Juei J | Precast concrete pile and method of placing it in the ground |
US4708530A (en) * | 1983-05-03 | 1987-11-24 | Pieter Faber | Concrete foundation pile and device for driving the same into the ground |
US4730012A (en) * | 1985-10-09 | 1988-03-08 | Espeland Arthur J | Building material composition |
US4737538A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1988-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Polymer concrete compositions |
US4911581A (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1990-03-27 | Delmag Maschinenfabrik Reinhold Dornfeld Gmbh & Co | Pre-cast concrete pile and method and apparatus for its introduction into the ground |
US4964440A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1990-10-23 | Andre James R | Ribbed pipe |
US5193588A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-03-16 | Shiro Kanao | Pressure-resistant helical corrugated pipe |
US5390704A (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1995-02-21 | Kanao; Shiro | Synthetic resin pipe including cylindrical inner wall and a spirally extending corrugated outer wall |
US5573040A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1996-11-12 | Pipeform Llc | Interlocked plastic-encased concrete pipe |
US5799703A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1998-09-01 | Kanao, Deceased; Shiro | Synthetic resin corrugated pipe having a concave-convex surface |
US5971440A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1999-10-26 | Boatman; Peter James | Pipe assembly |
US6034155A (en) * | 1998-03-16 | 2000-03-07 | Ect Incorporated | Polymer concrete compositions, structures made therefrom and methods of manufacture |
US6048593A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2000-04-11 | Espeland Composite Technology, Inc. | Polymer concrete compositions, structures made therefrom, and methods of manufacture |
US6197395B1 (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 2001-03-06 | Oregon Reinforcing Engineering, Ltd | Hollow reinforcing members and composites containing the same |
US6352108B1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-03-05 | Rheinbraun Aktiengesellschaft | Well pipe |
-
2004
- 2004-11-11 US US10/986,507 patent/US20050108960A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-22 CA CA002488149A patent/CA2488149A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-26 MX MXPA04011765A patent/MXPA04011765A/en unknown
Patent Citations (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1124284A (en) * | 1915-01-12 | Nelson Brown | Concrete culvert. | |
US352772A (en) * | 1886-11-16 | William john | ||
US468269A (en) * | 1892-02-02 | Metal-brace-framed concrete pipe | ||
US133875A (en) * | 1872-12-10 | Improvement in the manufacture of cement pipes | ||
US697642A (en) * | 1901-03-09 | 1902-04-15 | Liberty Millet | Process of strengthening clay hydraulic pipe, vases, crockery-ware, &c. |
US780789A (en) * | 1904-05-26 | 1905-01-24 | Charles T Baum Gardner | Pipe. |
US799827A (en) * | 1904-07-16 | 1905-09-19 | William L Church | Concrete flume. |
US921354A (en) * | 1905-11-15 | 1909-05-11 | Aime Joseph Bonna | Steel pipe with a double-armored concrete coating. |
US1013302A (en) * | 1910-08-10 | 1912-01-02 | Vladimir V Messer | Reinforced-concrete pipe. |
US996688A (en) * | 1910-10-03 | 1911-07-04 | George Charles Vernon-Inkpen | Concrete pile. |
US1070862A (en) * | 1912-12-13 | 1913-08-19 | George Charles Vernon-Inkpen | Concrete screw-pile for foundations and similar purposes. |
US1441908A (en) * | 1920-01-24 | 1923-01-09 | Bille Leon | Process of making pipes of cement |
US1671679A (en) * | 1924-09-12 | 1928-05-29 | Iowa State College | Method of increasing the supporting strength of conduits |
US1781689A (en) * | 1926-01-29 | 1930-11-18 | Burroughs Adding Machine Co | Controlling mechanism for power-driven calculating machines |
US1969374A (en) * | 1931-03-27 | 1934-08-07 | Harrison E Kleffel | Tube covering |
US2660199A (en) * | 1947-05-01 | 1953-11-24 | Gustaf A Montgomery | Reinforced concrete conduit |
US2717615A (en) * | 1953-11-03 | 1955-09-13 | Howard F Peckworth | Reinforced concrete pipe |
US3742985A (en) * | 1967-01-31 | 1973-07-03 | Chemstress Ind Inc | Reinforced pipe |
US3871410A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1975-03-18 | Trefilunion | Lattice for the reinforcement of tubular concrete elements |
US4140154A (en) * | 1976-05-13 | 1979-02-20 | Shiro Kanao | Flexible hose |
US4239419A (en) * | 1977-10-27 | 1980-12-16 | Gillen William F Jr | Precast concrete threaded pilings |
US4441527A (en) * | 1979-07-11 | 1984-04-10 | Tolliver Wilbur E | Concrete pipe reinforcement spacer bar |
US4342475A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1982-08-03 | Midwest Plastic Fabricators, Inc. | Connector and adapter for duct systems for telephone cables and the like |
US4964440A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1990-10-23 | Andre James R | Ribbed pipe |
US4371639A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-02-01 | Shell Oil Company | Polyester polymer concrete compositions |
US4375489A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-03-01 | Shell Oil Company | Vinyl ester polymer concrete compositions comprising fly ash |
US4708530A (en) * | 1983-05-03 | 1987-11-24 | Pieter Faber | Concrete foundation pile and device for driving the same into the ground |
US4588327A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1986-05-13 | Lin Juei J | Precast concrete pile and method of placing it in the ground |
US4737538A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1988-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Polymer concrete compositions |
US4730012A (en) * | 1985-10-09 | 1988-03-08 | Espeland Arthur J | Building material composition |
US4911581A (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1990-03-27 | Delmag Maschinenfabrik Reinhold Dornfeld Gmbh & Co | Pre-cast concrete pile and method and apparatus for its introduction into the ground |
US5193588A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-03-16 | Shiro Kanao | Pressure-resistant helical corrugated pipe |
US5390704A (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1995-02-21 | Kanao; Shiro | Synthetic resin pipe including cylindrical inner wall and a spirally extending corrugated outer wall |
US6197395B1 (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 2001-03-06 | Oregon Reinforcing Engineering, Ltd | Hollow reinforcing members and composites containing the same |
US5573040A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1996-11-12 | Pipeform Llc | Interlocked plastic-encased concrete pipe |
US5971440A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1999-10-26 | Boatman; Peter James | Pipe assembly |
US5799703A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1998-09-01 | Kanao, Deceased; Shiro | Synthetic resin corrugated pipe having a concave-convex surface |
US6048593A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2000-04-11 | Espeland Composite Technology, Inc. | Polymer concrete compositions, structures made therefrom, and methods of manufacture |
US6034155A (en) * | 1998-03-16 | 2000-03-07 | Ect Incorporated | Polymer concrete compositions, structures made therefrom and methods of manufacture |
US6352108B1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-03-05 | Rheinbraun Aktiengesellschaft | Well pipe |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105805427A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-07-27 | 成都格瑞思文化传播有限公司 | Water conservancy water pipe facility |
CN108709027A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-26 | 安徽砼宇特构科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-stick sundries formula concrete plug |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MXPA04011765A (en) | 2005-07-26 |
CA2488149A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CONTECH CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS INC., OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SCHLUTER, JAMES;REEL/FRAME:015985/0010 Effective date: 20041104 |
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Owner name: WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS ADMINISTRA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:KEYSTONE RETAINING WALL SYSTEMS, INC.;ARMORTEC, INC.;CONTECH ARCH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017275/0045 Effective date: 20060131 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |
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Owner name: WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:CONTECH CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS, INC.;CONTECH BRIDGE SOLUTIONS INC.;CDS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:025026/0472 Effective date: 20100720 |