EP1183560A4 - Chalcogenide doping of oxide glasses - Google Patents

Chalcogenide doping of oxide glasses

Info

Publication number
EP1183560A4
EP1183560A4 EP00932178A EP00932178A EP1183560A4 EP 1183560 A4 EP1183560 A4 EP 1183560A4 EP 00932178 A EP00932178 A EP 00932178A EP 00932178 A EP00932178 A EP 00932178A EP 1183560 A4 EP1183560 A4 EP 1183560A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxide glasses
chalcogenide
doping
chalcogenide doping
glasses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00932178A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1183560A1 (en
Inventor
Adam J Ellison
Khrapko Rostislav
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corning Inc
Original Assignee
Corning Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Inc filed Critical Corning Inc
Publication of EP1183560A1 publication Critical patent/EP1183560A1/en
Publication of EP1183560A4 publication Critical patent/EP1183560A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02114—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by enhanced photosensitivity characteristics of the fibre, e.g. hydrogen loading, heat treatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/14—Other methods of shaping glass by gas- or vapour- phase reaction processes
    • C03B19/1415—Reactant delivery systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/14—Other methods of shaping glass by gas- or vapour- phase reaction processes
    • C03B19/1415—Reactant delivery systems
    • C03B19/1423—Reactant deposition burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
    • C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
    • C03B37/01807—Reactant delivery systems, e.g. reactant deposition burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
    • C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
    • C03B37/01807—Reactant delivery systems, e.g. reactant deposition burners
    • C03B37/01815—Reactant deposition burners or deposition heating means
    • C03B37/01823—Plasma deposition burners or heating means
    • C03B37/0183—Plasma deposition burners or heating means for plasma within a tube substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
    • C03C13/045—Silica-containing oxide glass compositions
    • C03C13/046—Multicomponent glass compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
    • G02B6/021—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the core or cladding or coating, e.g. materials, radial refractive index profiles, cladding shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
    • C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
    • C03B2201/58—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with metals in non-oxide form, e.g. CdSe
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03C2201/08—Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide
    • C03C2201/10—Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide containing boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03C2201/20—Doped silica-based glasses containing non-metals other than boron or halide
    • C03C2201/28—Doped silica-based glasses containing non-metals other than boron or halide containing phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
    • C03C2201/31—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing germanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
    • C03C2201/32—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
    • C03C2201/34—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing rare earth metals
    • C03C2201/3417—Lanthanum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
    • C03C2201/40—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing transition metals other than rare earth metals, e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta or Zn
    • C03C2201/42—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing transition metals other than rare earth metals, e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta or Zn containing titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
    • C03C2201/58—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing metals in non-oxide form, e.g. CdSe
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2203/00—Production processes
    • C03C2203/40—Gas-phase processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2203/00—Production processes
    • C03C2203/40—Gas-phase processes
    • C03C2203/42—Gas-phase processes using silicon halides as starting materials
    • C03C2203/44—Gas-phase processes using silicon halides as starting materials chlorine containing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
    • G02B6/02133—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference
    • G02B6/02138—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference based on illuminating a phase mask
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02171—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes
    • G02B6/02176—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes due to temperature fluctuations
    • G02B6/0219—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes due to temperature fluctuations based on composition of fibre materials
EP00932178A 1999-05-19 2000-05-08 Chalcogenide doping of oxide glasses Withdrawn EP1183560A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU99109637 1999-05-07
RU99109637/28A RU2156485C1 (en) 1999-05-19 1999-05-19 Photosensitive fibre-optic light conduit and photoinduced structure
PCT/US2000/012550 WO2000068718A1 (en) 1999-05-07 2000-05-08 Chalcogenide doping of oxide glasses

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1183560A1 EP1183560A1 (en) 2002-03-06
EP1183560A4 true EP1183560A4 (en) 2006-06-07

Family

ID=20219555

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00932178A Withdrawn EP1183560A4 (en) 1999-05-19 2000-05-08 Chalcogenide doping of oxide glasses

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1183560A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2002544535A (en)
KR (1) KR100716823B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1220075C (en)
AU (1) AU4993900A (en)
CA (1) CA2373153A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2156485C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000068718A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPR178200A0 (en) 2000-11-29 2000-12-21 Redfern Integrated Optics Pty Ltd Silica-based optical device fabrication
US7080528B2 (en) 2002-10-23 2006-07-25 Applied Materials, Inc. Method of forming a phosphorus doped optical core using a PECVD process
JP5549525B2 (en) 2009-11-16 2014-07-16 信越化学工業株式会社 Method for producing titania-doped quartz glass member co-added with sulfur
US8789390B2 (en) * 2010-04-15 2014-07-29 Corning Incorporated Near net fused silica articles and method of making
JP6123235B2 (en) * 2012-11-05 2017-05-10 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Electro-optical device and electronic apparatus
CN109485256A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-19 广州宏晟光电科技股份有限公司 The fibre faceplate core material glass and its manufacturing method that a kind of refractive index is 1.5-1.6
WO2021231083A1 (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 Corning Incorporated Reduced diameter single mode optical fibers with high mechanical reliability
CN114153049B (en) * 2021-12-06 2023-06-13 杭州径上科技有限公司 Fixed-focus radiation-proof lens
CN115504668B (en) * 2022-11-24 2023-03-07 文安县瑞原玻璃制品有限公司 Ultraviolet-transmitting high borosilicate glass and preparation method thereof

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2029400A (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-03-19 Sumitomo Electric Industries An Optical Fibre
JPS55144437A (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-11 Dainichi Nippon Cables Ltd Producing optical fiber matrix
US4675038A (en) * 1980-07-17 1987-06-23 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Glass fibres and optical communication
US4696941A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-09-29 Groupement d'Interet Economique dit: Centre International 'de Recherches Dermatologiques C.I.R.D. 1,8-diacyloxy-10-acylanthrones
JPS62283845A (en) * 1986-05-31 1987-12-09 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The Doped quartz-base optical fiber
US5106402A (en) * 1987-09-19 1992-04-21 U.S. Philips Corp. Method of manufacturing a monomode optical fiber
EP0585088A2 (en) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-02 AT&T Corp. Article comprising rare earth or transition metal doped optical fiber
US5367588A (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-11-22 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Communications Method of fabricating Bragg gratings using a silica glass phase grating mask and mask used by same
EP0976687A1 (en) * 1998-07-29 2000-02-02 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Synthetic fused silica member, method for producing the same and optical member for excimer laser

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5852935B2 (en) * 1978-11-20 1983-11-26 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Manufacturing method for optical transmission materials
KR950014101B1 (en) * 1987-02-16 1995-11-21 스미토모덴기고교 가부시키가이샤 Heating furnace for glass materials for optical fiber and method of manufacturing same
JPH04263030A (en) * 1990-05-09 1992-09-18 Daido Steel Co Ltd Fiber reinforced metal and its production
US6334338B1 (en) * 1998-07-02 2002-01-01 Lucent Technologies Inc. Sol gel process of making a fiber preform with removal of oxide particles

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2029400A (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-03-19 Sumitomo Electric Industries An Optical Fibre
JPS55144437A (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-11 Dainichi Nippon Cables Ltd Producing optical fiber matrix
US4675038A (en) * 1980-07-17 1987-06-23 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Glass fibres and optical communication
US4696941A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-09-29 Groupement d'Interet Economique dit: Centre International 'de Recherches Dermatologiques C.I.R.D. 1,8-diacyloxy-10-acylanthrones
JPS62283845A (en) * 1986-05-31 1987-12-09 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The Doped quartz-base optical fiber
US5106402A (en) * 1987-09-19 1992-04-21 U.S. Philips Corp. Method of manufacturing a monomode optical fiber
EP0585088A2 (en) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-02 AT&T Corp. Article comprising rare earth or transition metal doped optical fiber
US5367588A (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-11-22 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Communications Method of fabricating Bragg gratings using a silica glass phase grating mask and mask used by same
EP0976687A1 (en) * 1998-07-29 2000-02-02 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Synthetic fused silica member, method for producing the same and optical member for excimer laser

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198103, Derwent World Patents Index; Class L01, AN 1981-02865D, XP002371441 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 176 (C - 498) 25 May 1988 (1988-05-25) *
See also references of WO0068718A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002544535A (en) 2002-12-24
EP1183560A1 (en) 2002-03-06
RU2156485C1 (en) 2000-09-20
WO2000068718A1 (en) 2000-11-16
CN1220075C (en) 2005-09-21
CN1353823A (en) 2002-06-12
KR20020001866A (en) 2002-01-09
CA2373153A1 (en) 2000-11-16
AU4993900A (en) 2000-11-21
KR100716823B1 (en) 2007-05-09

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