EP1152784A1 - Method of, and apparatus for, controlling the delivery of a medication - Google Patents

Method of, and apparatus for, controlling the delivery of a medication

Info

Publication number
EP1152784A1
EP1152784A1 EP00904719A EP00904719A EP1152784A1 EP 1152784 A1 EP1152784 A1 EP 1152784A1 EP 00904719 A EP00904719 A EP 00904719A EP 00904719 A EP00904719 A EP 00904719A EP 1152784 A1 EP1152784 A1 EP 1152784A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medication
patient
control device
pump
pain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00904719A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1152784A4 (en
Inventor
Heiko E.R. Rudolph
John S. Packer
John F. Cade
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1152784A1 publication Critical patent/EP1152784A1/en
Publication of EP1152784A4 publication Critical patent/EP1152784A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/172—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
    • G16H20/17—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients delivered via infusion or injection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M2005/1401—Functional features
    • A61M2005/1405—Patient controlled analgesia [PCA]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
    • A61M2005/14208—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps with a programmable infusion control system, characterised by the infusion program
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of, and apparatus for, controlling the delivery of a medication and is particularly applicable to a patient controlled analgesic delivery apparatus, but is not restricted thereto. It could also be used for other patient controlled medication such as, for example, sedation/anaesthesia, blood pressure.
  • the pain felt by a patient if no analgesic is used, is normally in a curve with respect to time, where the maximum pain can occur in the early hours after the operation and, over a 24 hour period, the level drops substantially.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a new method of controlling the delivery of medications, specifically analgesia, to patients, and an apparatus to be used therewith to more closely match the time related pain wave of the patient with appropriately tailored bolus doses, variable lock at times and modified background infusion.
  • the invention in its broadest aspect includes a method of controlling the delivery of a medication to a patient to alleviate a condition, including a control device and a pump, the control device enabling the patient to select a pre-determined quantity of medication from one of a possible number of quantities, the selection, initiating the operation of the pump which controls the delivery of the said quantity of medication characterized in that the patient can, over a period, repeatedly operate the control device to maintain the medication at a variable and adaptive value, optimum to maintain control of the condition.
  • the quantity of medication selected by the patient may be monitored by carers and it is also preferred that the system is so arranged as to prevent the patient from exceeding a predetermined dosage in a specific period called the lockout period.
  • the invention also includes an apparatus to deliver medication to a patent including a pump and a control system which control system includes a control device which may be operated to deliver different quantities of medication and a control means which receives the signals received from the control device and effects operation of the pump, the control means being able to monitor the operation of the control means and the pump to provide an indication to carers as to the times of operation of the control device and the pump and the quantity of medication passed to the patient.
  • control system includes a control device which may be operated to deliver different quantities of medication and a control means which receives the signals received from the control device and effects operation of the pump, the control means being able to monitor the operation of the control means and the pump to provide an indication to carers as to the times of operation of the control device and the pump and the quantity of medication passed to the patient.
  • the invention also relates to a control means for use with an apparatus to deliver medication which includes a handset having a number of positions each of which corresponds to the degree of pain as seen by the patient.
  • the handset also includes a confirmation device to commence the operation of a pump associated with the handset.
  • Each position on the handset may be associated with a tone of a particular pitch to give an audible indication of the position selected.
  • the control means may also have provision to prevent the operation of the control device to deliver more than a pre-determined quantity of medication over a particular period and to provide to the carer an indication that there had been request(s) for delivery of medication which had not been satisfied.
  • the quantity of medication provided by any particular position of the handset may be modified in respect of time so that, as time passes, the quantity of medication will be such as to provide an apparently equal effect taking into account the position it is expected that the patient will be along the pain curve.
  • Figure 1 shows a pain curve where a patient is using a conventional patent controlled analgesic apparatus
  • Figure 2 shows a similar pain curve for a patient using the apparatus of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows one form of patient operated control device for the apparatus; and Figure 4 shows a schematic flow chart of the components of the system of the invention, and their interaction.
  • Figure 1 and 2 have as their envelope a typical pain curve 10 which is plotted as pain intensity against time.
  • the curve of a particular patient can depart substantially from this idealised curve, but will be of the same general shape.
  • this bolus is usually controlled to set the quantities of the bolus to be low so as to be safe with more sensitive patients.
  • the bolus selected may leave a substantial pain gap, represented by the height of the curve envelope above the effect of the bolus.
  • the system of the invention uses a system whereby the patient can operate the introduction of analgesic based on pain level as experienced by the patient.
  • analgesic based on pain level as experienced by the patient.
  • the apparatus has a handset 20 which can have, in the particular example, some ten positions 21 which are graded from that for mild pain to severe pain.
  • Each position can be provided with an indicator light 22 and when a particular value is pressed, the appropriate indicator light for this value is illuminated and, preferably, a tone is sounded which is equivalent to the value selected.
  • the tones may be selected so that even a patient who is not looking at the handset 20 receives a good indication of the value selected.
  • the patient has both a visible and audible indication of the quantity of analgesic to be introduced. Provided the patient believes this is the order of relief required, he or she then presses a confirmation button 23 and the selected bolus dose is infused into the patient by means of a metering infusion pump.
  • a display or recording device normally a computer which may have a display to indicates the quantity of analgesic used, that is equivalent to the degree of pain being felt by the patient and the time when the material was introduced or which may log this information for examination by medical staff.
  • the analgesic shall control the pain for a period, the pain will later return, and subsequently the patient will again operate the handset.
  • the background infusion is only sustained according to handset activation. If there is insufficient activation of the handset over time, the rate of background infusion decays with time.
  • the system can be adjusted so that as the expected pain curve of the patient reduces, so the quantity of analgesic introduced on the selection of any position of the handset, will be reduced relative to that which would have been provided earlier in the process so that, in general terms, the quantity of analgesic is reduced.
  • the subsequent attempt to introduce more analgesia can be rejected and this can also be displayed to the carer.
  • the displays generated by the device can either be accessible adjacent to the patient or, more usually, at a nurses station or the like so that a degree of monitoring can be maintained without the carer having to visit the bedside of the patient unless they are otherwise called.
  • the system of the invention is such that the patient should be able to effectively control his or her pain over the period following the operation and the effect of the analgesia can work to provide protection to the current position to the pain curve.
  • ambulatory patients with chronic pain such as may occur in patients with cancer may be given a degree of control over their maintenance regime whilst at the same time, being prevented from deliberately overdosing with their medication and patients who go through periods of severe pain, such as when dressings are changed or the like can learn to adapt the level of analgesia to provide good pain control during and after the procedure.
  • the system can also be used for the control of other medications, for example, control of sedation or anaesthesia or the introduction of blood pressure control medication where the patient's perceived feelings are taken into account in adoption of the control system.

Abstract

A method of controlling the delivery of a medication to a patient to alleviate a condition, including a control device (20) and a pump (30), the control device (20) enabling the patient to select a predetermined quantity of medication from one of a possible number of selections (21), each of which is equivalent to a predetermined quantity of medication, the selection initiating the operation of the pump (30) which controls the delivery of the said quantity of medication characterized in that the patient can, over a period, repeatedly operate the control device (20) to maintain the medication at a variable and adaptive value, optimum to maintain control of the condition. Where the medication is an analgesic, the method can maintain pain control close to the envelope of the patient's pain curve. A handset (20) with selections (21) from mild to severe pain is provided to enable the patient to select the required dosage of analgesic.

Description

METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR, CONTROLLING THE DELIVERY OF A MEDICATION
This invention relates to a method of, and apparatus for, controlling the delivery of a medication and is particularly applicable to a patient controlled analgesic delivery apparatus, but is not restricted thereto. It could also be used for other patient controlled medication such as, for example, sedation/anaesthesia, blood pressure.
However, for ease of description, we will refer to the apparatus in respect of the application of analgesics.
It is nowadays common to have patients, and particularly post-operative patients, but also patients with other conditions where there can be severe pain, control their own analgesic, but these systems have had significant limitations.
These systems are normally adjusted by the patient's doctor or nurse to provide a bolus dose which is fixed and because, generally, a patient's tolerance to a particular analgesic is not known in advance and may change during treatment, nor is a patient's threshhold of pain and the effect of side effects of the medication, it has been conventional for doctors to set the quantities of the bolus to be low so as to be safe with more sensitive of patients.
If one is considering a post-operative situation, the pain felt by a patient, if no analgesic is used, is normally in a curve with respect to time, where the maximum pain can occur in the early hours after the operation and, over a 24 hour period, the level drops substantially.
It is over the first few hours that steps have to be taken to control the patient's pain and it is during this time that normal controlled analgesia is least effective. The object of the invention is to provide a new method of controlling the delivery of medications, specifically analgesia, to patients, and an apparatus to be used therewith to more closely match the time related pain wave of the patient with appropriately tailored bolus doses, variable lock at times and modified background infusion.
The invention, in its broadest aspect includes a method of controlling the delivery of a medication to a patient to alleviate a condition, including a control device and a pump, the control device enabling the patient to select a pre-determined quantity of medication from one of a possible number of quantities, the selection, initiating the operation of the pump which controls the delivery of the said quantity of medication characterized in that the patient can, over a period, repeatedly operate the control device to maintain the medication at a variable and adaptive value, optimum to maintain control of the condition.
It is preferred that the quantity of medication selected by the patient may be monitored by carers and it is also preferred that the system is so arranged as to prevent the patient from exceeding a predetermined dosage in a specific period called the lockout period.
The invention also includes an apparatus to deliver medication to a patent including a pump and a control system which control system includes a control device which may be operated to deliver different quantities of medication and a control means which receives the signals received from the control device and effects operation of the pump, the control means being able to monitor the operation of the control means and the pump to provide an indication to carers as to the times of operation of the control device and the pump and the quantity of medication passed to the patient.
The invention also relates to a control means for use with an apparatus to deliver medication which includes a handset having a number of positions each of which corresponds to the degree of pain as seen by the patient. The handset also includes a confirmation device to commence the operation of a pump associated with the handset. Each position on the handset may be associated with a tone of a particular pitch to give an audible indication of the position selected. The control means may also have provision to prevent the operation of the control device to deliver more than a pre-determined quantity of medication over a particular period and to provide to the carer an indication that there had been request(s) for delivery of medication which had not been satisfied.
It may also be preferred that the quantity of medication provided by any particular position of the handset may be modified in respect of time so that, as time passes, the quantity of medication will be such as to provide an apparently equal effect taking into account the position it is expected that the patient will be along the pain curve.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood and put into practice, we shall refer to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a pain curve where a patient is using a conventional patent controlled analgesic apparatus; Figure 2 shows a similar pain curve for a patient using the apparatus of the invention;
Figure 3 shows one form of patient operated control device for the apparatus; and Figure 4 shows a schematic flow chart of the components of the system of the invention, and their interaction.
As mentioned earlier, after, say, major surgery, a patient's pain curve can increase over the first two to three hours as the effects of the anaesthetic wear off and then tends to drop over the next 20 hours. Figure 1 and 2 have as their envelope a typical pain curve 10 which is plotted as pain intensity against time. As mentioned earlier the curve of a particular patient can depart substantially from this idealised curve, but will be of the same general shape.
It is difficult to predict what level of pain a patient may experience or tolerate (and thus the height of the curve). Even more difficult to determine is the patient's tolerance to the analgesic or the likelihood of side effects. Medical staff have had to make those decisions for patients with only rudimentary and subjective input from patients and therefore prescribe conservatively. The arrangement previously used has been that on initiation of the system, a fixed bolus 11 of analgesia is passed into the patient, usually by a metering pump connected to a cannula or the like.
As mentioned earlier this bolus is usually controlled to set the quantities of the bolus to be low so as to be safe with more sensitive patients.
As can be seen in Figure 1, the bolus selected may leave a substantial pain gap, represented by the height of the curve envelope above the effect of the bolus.
The system of the invention uses a system whereby the patient can operate the introduction of analgesic based on pain level as experienced by the patient. As will be described hereinafter, the pain curve which is sought to be attained by the use of the present invention is illustrated in
Figure 2.
In order to do this, the apparatus has a handset 20 which can have, in the particular example, some ten positions 21 which are graded from that for mild pain to severe pain.
Each position can be provided with an indicator light 22 and when a particular value is pressed, the appropriate indicator light for this value is illuminated and, preferably, a tone is sounded which is equivalent to the value selected.
The tones may be selected so that even a patient who is not looking at the handset 20 receives a good indication of the value selected.
That is, the patient has both a visible and audible indication of the quantity of analgesic to be introduced. Provided the patient believes this is the order of relief required, he or she then presses a confirmation button 23 and the selected bolus dose is infused into the patient by means of a metering infusion pump.
We provide the system in association with a display or recording device, normally a computer which may have a display to indicates the quantity of analgesic used, that is equivalent to the degree of pain being felt by the patient and the time when the material was introduced or which may log this information for examination by medical staff.
If the patient has been effectively correct with his or her evaluation of the pain, then the analgesic shall control the pain for a period, the pain will later return, and subsequently the patient will again operate the handset.
If the patient has underestimated the pain, and received too little analgesic then this will not be fully effective, the pain will continue and the patient will further operate the handset at a greater level.
If successive value above a median value are selected, a constant background infusion of the analgesic is initiated which is then further varied according to activation of the handset.
The background infusion is only sustained according to handset activation. If there is insufficient activation of the handset over time, the rate of background infusion decays with time.
If the patient has overestimated the pain and introduced too much analgesic, this will effectively completely deaden the pain and this situation will remain for some time longer than would normally be expected and there will be a period during which the patient feels no pain and thus uses no analgesic, after which he or she will again wish to have more analgesic. The system can be adjusted so that as the expected pain curve of the patient reduces, so the quantity of analgesic introduced on the selection of any position of the handset, will be reduced relative to that which would have been provided earlier in the process so that, in general terms, the quantity of analgesic is reduced.
If the patient has a low tolerance to pain, and attempts to use the device more than considered safe by the prescribing doctor, then the subsequent attempt to introduce more analgesia can be rejected and this can also be displayed to the carer.
The displays generated by the device can either be accessible adjacent to the patient or, more usually, at a nurses station or the like so that a degree of monitoring can be maintained without the carer having to visit the bedside of the patient unless they are otherwise called.
The system of the invention is such that the patient should be able to effectively control his or her pain over the period following the operation and the effect of the analgesia can work to provide protection to the current position to the pain curve.
Whilst we have described the present invention in respect of the delivery of analgesic in a post operative situation it will be understood that the invention has other applications.
Including remote control of programming home based Adaptive Patient Controlled Analgesic where device setting may be delivered through telecommunications equipment.
For example, ambulatory patients with chronic pain, such as may occur in patients with cancer may be given a degree of control over their maintenance regime whilst at the same time, being prevented from deliberately overdosing with their medication and patients who go through periods of severe pain, such as when dressings are changed or the like can learn to adapt the level of analgesia to provide good pain control during and after the procedure. The system can also be used for the control of other medications, for example, control of sedation or anaesthesia or the introduction of blood pressure control medication where the patient's perceived feelings are taken into account in adoption of the control system.
All such variations, together with variations as to the handset or the like are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

We claim:
1. A method of controlling the delivery of a medication to a patient to alleviate a condition, including a control device and a pump, the control device enabling the patient to select a pre-determined quantity of medication from one of a possible number of selections, each of which is equivalent to a predetermined quantity of medication, the selection initiating the operation of the pump which controls the delivery of the said quantity of medication characterized in that the patient can, over a period, repeatedly operate the control device to maintain the medication at a variable and adaptive value, optimum to maintain control of the condition.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the system is so arranged as to prevent the patient from exceeding a predetermined maximum dosage in a specific period.
3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the actual quantity of medication delivered from any specific selection position may vary over time as the patient's pain curve reduces.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein, if a patient operates the device at time intervals less than pre-set intervals, the pump may be caused to operate to maintain a background infusion of medication.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the quantity of medication selected and the time of selection by the patient may be monitored by carers.
6. An apparatus to deliver medication to a patent including a pump and a control system which control system includes a control device which may be operated to deliver different quantities of medication and a control means which receives the signals received from the control device and effects operation of the pump, the control means being able to monitor the operation of the control means and the pump to provide an indication to carers as to the times of operation of the control device and the pump and the quantity of medication passed to the patient.
7. A control device for use with an apparatus as claimed in claim 6 to deliver medication to a patient which includes a handset having a number of positions each of which corresponds to the degree of pain as felt by the patient.
8. A control device as claimed in claim 7 wherein the handset also includes a confirmation means to commence the operation of a pump associated with the handset.
9. A control device as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8 wherein each position on the handset may be associated with a tone of a particular pitch to give an audible indication of the position selected.
10. In a control means in an apparatus as claimed in any one of claim 6 to 9, the provision of means whereby, if there are calls on delivery of medication which are at shorter time intervals than a pre-determined interval, the contol means can provide a background infusion of medication.
11. In a control means in an apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9, the provision of a bar to prevent delivery of medication on the operation of the control device to deliver more than a pre-determined quantity of medication over a particular period.
12. A control means as claimed in claim 10 wherein there is provided an indication to the carer that there had been request(s) for delivery of medication which had not been satisfied.
13. A control means as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 11 wherein there are means whereby the quantity of medication provided by any particular position of the handset may be modified in respect of time so that, as time passes, the quantity of medication will be such as to provide an apparently equal effect taking into account the position it is expected that the patient will be along the pain curve.
EP00904719A 1999-02-12 2000-02-14 Method of, and apparatus for, controlling the delivery of a medication Withdrawn EP1152784A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPP8635A AUPP863599A0 (en) 1999-02-12 1999-02-12 Method of, and apparatus for, controlling the delivery of a medication
AUPP863599 1999-02-12
PCT/AU2000/000094 WO2000047253A1 (en) 1999-02-12 2000-02-14 Method of, and apparatus for, controlling the delivery of a medication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1152784A1 true EP1152784A1 (en) 2001-11-14
EP1152784A4 EP1152784A4 (en) 2005-04-27

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00904719A Withdrawn EP1152784A4 (en) 1999-02-12 2000-02-14 Method of, and apparatus for, controlling the delivery of a medication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1152784A4 (en)
AU (1) AUPP863599A0 (en)
WO (1) WO2000047253A1 (en)

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WO2008008281A2 (en) 2006-07-07 2008-01-17 Proteus Biomedical, Inc. Smart parenteral administration system
JP2010512928A (en) 2006-12-22 2010-04-30 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Self-learning drug delivery system
WO2009055733A1 (en) 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Proteus Biomedical, Inc. Fluid transfer port information system
CN102905612A (en) 2010-02-01 2013-01-30 普罗秋斯数字健康公司 Two-wrist data gathering system
EP2531099B1 (en) 2010-02-01 2018-12-12 Proteus Digital Health, Inc. Data gathering system
CN107106766B (en) * 2014-10-28 2021-05-04 弗罗桑医疗设备公司 Time controlled periodic infusion
CN109461487B (en) * 2018-10-29 2020-11-17 深圳麦科田生物医疗技术有限公司 PCA infusion device, locking releasing method and device in advance and storage medium

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US4551133A (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-11-05 American Hospital Supply Corporation Patient controlled medication infusion system
EP0372863A2 (en) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-13 Ivac Corporation Patient-controlled analgesia security attachment for a medication infusion system
US5069668A (en) * 1990-07-12 1991-12-03 Boydman Scott A Patient controlled analgesia system
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1152784A4 (en) 2005-04-27
WO2000047253A1 (en) 2000-08-17
AUPP863599A0 (en) 1999-03-04

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