EP0004829A2 - Process for fitting an article of dress or accessory to a part of the human body and article or accessory for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Process for fitting an article of dress or accessory to a part of the human body and article or accessory for carrying out the process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004829A2
EP0004829A2 EP79810030A EP79810030A EP0004829A2 EP 0004829 A2 EP0004829 A2 EP 0004829A2 EP 79810030 A EP79810030 A EP 79810030A EP 79810030 A EP79810030 A EP 79810030A EP 0004829 A2 EP0004829 A2 EP 0004829A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foam
envelope
clothing
accessory
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79810030A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0004829A3 (en
EP0004829B1 (en
Inventor
Guy Courvoisier
Simon Arieh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lange International SA
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Lange International SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lange International SA filed Critical Lange International SA
Publication of EP0004829A2 publication Critical patent/EP0004829A2/en
Publication of EP0004829A3 publication Critical patent/EP0004829A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0004829B1 publication Critical patent/EP0004829B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42C—MANUFACTURING OR TRIMMING HEAD COVERINGS, e.g. HATS
    • A42C2/00—Manufacturing helmets by processes not otherwise provided for
    • A42C2/007—Manufacturing custom-sized helmets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/10—Linings
    • A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
    • A42B3/125—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B19/00—Shoe-shaped inserts; Inserts covering the instep
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A43B5/0405—Linings, paddings or insertions; Inner boots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/28—Adapting the inner sole or the side of the upper of the shoe to the sole of the foot
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the foot When the boots are made of a fully rigid shell, like most boots for downhill skiing, the foot should be kept as tight as possible in the boot while remaining comfortable. Since the rigid shell is molded according to a given size and that such molding is necessarily standard, the adaptation of the shoe to the foot is carried out by an intermediate lining intended to conform as closely as possible to the shape of the foot. .
  • Thermoformable foams of low-density polyethylene blown with nitrogen have already been used in the medical field, in particular for hot molding this foam around different parts of the body in order to produce gutters or orthopedic supports or else to adapt a prosthesis to a mutilated member.
  • the foam is heated to its thermoforming temperature which is around 140 ° C. and applied to the part of the body to which we want to adapt this foam by modeling it until it perfectly matches the desired shape. Contrary to what one might fear, there is practically no risk of burns.
  • the density of the material is of the order of 0.04, that it is a foam with low specific heat, containing a lot of gas and that the thermal conductivity of polyethylene is bad and that of the foam is even worse because of the large volume of gas it contains, the quantity of calories to be dissipated per unit of time and surface is perfectly compatible with the heat exchange capacity of the skin due to blood circulation. It must also be added to these considerations that the area of material in direct contact with the skin, relative to the area of skin covered by the foam, is very small.
  • the object of the present invention is to make use of such a foam to remedy the drawbacks of the above-mentioned adaptation systems, so as to obtain an internal coating of the envelope, the shape of which results from the creep of the foam brought to its temperature. thermoforming and subjected to the compressive stress until the disappearance of this stress, which constitutes the final stage of adaptation of the envelope to the part of the body at the foot.
  • the subject of the invention is an item of clothing or accessory intended to adapt closely to a part of the human body, comprising an external non-expandable envelope and a flexible lining covering at least partially the internal face of said envelope, characterized in that this lining is made of a foam of plastic material, heat-formable and is shaped to spare , inside said envelope, an open cavity constituting a blank of a housing intended to receive said part of the body, some at least among the dimensions of this cavity being smaller than the corresponding dimensions of this part of the body.
  • the subject of this invention is also a method for adapting the item of clothing or the accessory to said part of the human body of a given individual, characterized in that said foam is pressurized reciprocally and said part of the body by the introduction of the latter into said cavity, while bringing the temperature of this foam to its thermoforming temperature for a period sufficient to cause said foam to flow until the substantial stresses exerted on said part of the body disappear. and that this foam is then allowed to cool at least to its firming temperature.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 relate to the adaptation of a boot, in particular a boot for downhill skiing, comprising a shell 1 of molded plastic material generally formed from two parts. , lb articulated to each other and fixed by one or more closures. These closures are not shown in the accompanying drawing, since they are not necessary for understanding the invention.
  • thermoformable thermoplastic foam 2 which can advantageously be in the form of a liner attached to the shell and therefore manufactured separately from it and providing an interior cavity 3
  • this foam is a low density polyethylene foam blown with nitrogen and sold under the registered trademark "Plastazote”. This foam is specially studied for medical uses, its density of 0.04 and its low specific heat allow it to be put in contact with the skin after having been heated to its thermoforming temperature located around 120 to 140 ° C without causing any burns.
  • the liner formed by the lining 2 can preferably be made in the form of a sandwich (FIG. 4) comprising two sheets of foam 2a and 2b of 6 mm thickness, each welded for example to each other, polyethylene foam welding at its thermoforming temperature. These sheets can also be sewn or stapled or fixed by any other suitable means. Between these foam sheets 2a and 2b is an array of electric heating bodies 4 constituted in this example by a deposit of copper on a sheet of support polyethylene 5.
  • the network 4 is formed by the well-known technique used to make the printed circuits and can cover a large part of the surface of the sheet 5 (fig. 4) so as to give a good distribution of heat.
  • the liner can advantageously be produced as illustrated in FIG. 5, that is to say using two sheets 2A and 2B of a sandwich similar to that of FIG. 4 in which the arrays of body are incorporated. heated.
  • the union of these leaves constitutes the vamp of the liner and one of them 2A has an appendage 2C folded substantially at a right angle to form the support of the plantar arches.
  • the lining 2 can be covered with a textile material 6a, 6b which may or may not adhere to the lining 2.
  • Connection tabs 7 are further formed to enable the heating body to be connected to an electrical supply.
  • An ordinary sole 8 can be associated with the liner 2.
  • the shape of the cavity 3 generally corresponds to that of the foot to which the shoe is to be adapted, but its dimensions are chosen to be smaller than the corresponding dimensions of this foot.
  • the length of the cavity 3 corresponds to the size of the foot to which the shoe is intended to adapt, so as not to compress the toes.
  • a pocket 3a (fig.3) to allow the toes to move. It is therefore the other dimensions of the cavity 3 which are undersized by about one to two sizes relative to the foot to which the shoe is to be adapted.
  • the foam 2 is then heated to its thermoforming temperature which is, in this case, about 120 ° to 140 ° C.
  • This heating can advantageously be carried out using the electric heating body 4 connected to a low-voltage current source (not shown) provided with a timed switch intended to cut the power supply after a determined duration chosen to allow the lining 2 to be brought to its thermoforming temperature.
  • a low-voltage current source not shown
  • any other suitable heating system can be used.
  • the liner 2 could then be produced using a single sheet without incorporating the heating means.
  • the temperature of the foam forming the lining 2 corresponds to its creep temperature, it gradually yields to the stress of the foot which thus finds its place, the creep being a direct function of the local stresses exerted by the foot on the foam.
  • the lining retains the structure of the foam and its deformation is only due to the reaction of the foot following the compression undergone during its introduction into the undersized cavity 3. .
  • the lining can be removed to leave only the sole 8.
  • thermoforming of the housing to its size adapted to the morphology of the foot introduced into the heated foam walls.
  • pocket 3a formed to allow the toes to move, remains after the formation of the housing. The shoe is then ready for immediate use.
  • openings can be made through the filling.
  • the size of these openings and their repair tition and their density can be chosen at will in order to favor the transfer of heat through the filling.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a variant according to which a liner 9, formed of a material which is neither compressible nor thermoformable, has laterally, two pockets, one of which is visible in this figure, the other being arranged simultaneously with respect to the longitudinal axis of the foot. These pockets are intended to receive the lining 2 ′ formed in one piece from a sandwich identical to that of FIG. 3. The two parts of this lining are threaded into the side pockets from the rear of the liner 9. The adaptation of the bootie 9 is carried out in the same manner as in the case of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • connection tabs 7 ' are connected to a power supply provided for this purpose (not shown), for example a 20V supply and of an appropriate amperage so as to bring the temperature of the foam between 120 ° and 140 ° C. without the sensation being intolerable after which the feeding is interrupted.
  • the foam compressed at this temperature between the shell of the shoe and the foot creeps until the stresses exerted on the foot have practically disappeared.
  • the adaptation is complete and the housing thus formed is perfectly adapted to this foot which is thus tightly maintained while being perfectly at ease which is an important factor for the safety and comfort of the skier.
  • the connection tabs can obviously be cut later.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates how this pad can be used for a helmet 12, in which there are 2 "pads each formed from a sandwich similar to that of Figure 3 and connected to each other by connections 11 so as to supply them with electric current.
  • the principle of adaptation is the same as for the shoe, the thickness of the linings 2 "is such that a certain constraint is exerted on the head to which the helmet 12 must be adapted.
  • the heating of the linings 2" is intended causing the foam to flow under the effect of stresses until they practically disappear, after which the foam is allowed to cool, which thus retains the exact imprint of the user's head.
  • the lining is closely adapted as a function of the local stresses exerted at the time of its heating to its thermoforming temperature and the fact that once cooled, it retains its foam structure and therefore a certain flexibility which guarantees comfort, even after prolonged wearing of the shoe or helmet.
  • the sandwich filling with incorporated heating element is perfectly suited to articles of wide distribution, each retailer being able to receive an appropriate supply station to personally adapt the article to the user. Then the removal of the electrical connections no longer allows the user to connect the heating body to an inappropriate power source.

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à une garniture permettant d'adapter étroitement un élément d'habillement ou un accessoire à une partie du corps humain. Cette garniture est constituée par une mousse de matière plastique thermo-formable 2 placée dans une enveloppe 1 non extensible et ménageant une cavité ouverte destinée à recevoir la partie du corps, mais dont les dimensions sont généralement inférieures à cette partie du corps. Le logement est alors formé par la compression réciproque de la mousse et de la partie du corps placée dans la cavité, alors que la température de la mousse est portée à la température de thermo-formage. Cette invention est utilisable pour adapter, des chaussures, casques, gants, palmes de natation, etc ...The invention relates to a fitting making it possible to closely fit an item of clothing or an accessory to a part of the human body. This lining is constituted by a thermoformable plastic foam 2 placed in an envelope 1 that is not extensible and providing an open cavity intended to receive the part of the body, but the dimensions of which are generally smaller than this part of the body. The housing is then formed by the mutual compression of the foam and the part of the body placed in the cavity, while the temperature of the foam is brought to the temperature of thermoforming. This invention can be used to adapt shoes, helmets, gloves, swimming fins, etc.

Description

Il existe plusieurs éléments d'habillement ou accessoires tels que, chaussures de ski, casques, bottes de pêche, gants de boxe notamment, ainsi que des palmes de natation qui doivent être adaptés avec précision aux parties du corps auquelles ils sont destinés. Le problème se complique encore lorsque l'enveloppe est rigide comme dans le cas des chaussures pour la pratique du ski de descente ou les casques, étant donné l'impossibilité pratique de mouler une enveloppe spéciale adaptée aux pieds ou à la tête de chaque utilisateur. Or, on sait qu'il n'y a pratiquement pas deux individus qui ont la même morphologie. C'est la raison pour laquelle on a généralement recours à des garnitures de matière déformable pour adapter l'enveloppe à la partie du corps à envelopper.There are several items of clothing or accessories such as ski boots, helmets, fishing boots, boxing gloves in particular, as well as swimming fins which must be precisely adapted to the parts of the body for which they are intended. The problem is further complicated when the envelope is rigid, as in the case of downhill ski boots or helmets, given the practical impossibility of molding a special envelope adapted to the feet or the head of each user. However, we know that there are practically no two individuals who have the same morphology. This is the reason why linings of deformable material are generally used to adapt the envelope to the part of the body to be wrapped.

Lorsque les chaussures sont formées d'une coque entièrement rigide, comme la plupart des chaussures destinées à la pratique du ski de descente, le pied doit être maintenu aussi étroitement que possible dans la chaussure tout en restant à l'aise. Etant donné que la coque rigide est moulée en fonction d'une pointure donnée et qu'un tel moulage est forcément standard, l'adaptation de la chaussure au pied est réalisée par une garniture intermédiaire destinée à épouser aussi fidèlement que possible la forme du pied.When the boots are made of a fully rigid shell, like most boots for downhill skiing, the foot should be kept as tight as possible in the boot while remaining comfortable. Since the rigid shell is molded according to a given size and that such molding is necessarily standard, the adaptation of the shoe to the foot is carried out by an intermediate lining intended to conform as closely as possible to the shape of the foot. .

Différentes solutions ont déjà été proposées pour former cette garniture. La plupart utilisent une matière plastique mousse présentant l'aspect d'un chausson placé dans la coque rigide. Ce chausson est conformé pour reproduire intérieurement plus ou moins fidèlement la forme du pied et la mousse permet son adaptation aux légères variations morphologiques qui existent entre différents pieds, de pointures semblables. Cette solution n'est que partiellement satisfaisante, dans la mesure où un chausson standard est destiné à s'adapter à des pieds sensiblement de même pointure, c'est-à-dire de même longueur entre talon et pointe, mais dont les conformations peuvent varier cependant de façon assez importantes entre eux. Il en résulte une plus ou moins bonne tenue du pied et un confort inégal.Different solutions have already been proposed to form this lining. Most use a foam plastic material having the appearance of a slipper placed in the rigid shell. This shoe is shaped to reproduce more or less faithfully the shape of the foot internally and the foam allows its adaptation to the slight morphological variations that exist between different feet, of similar sizes. This solution is only partially satisfactory, insofar as a standard liner is intended to adapt to feet of substantially the same size, that is to say the same length between heel and toe, but whose conformations can vary fairly widely between them, however. This results in more or less good foot hold and uneven comfort.

On a proposé de remédier à cet inconvénient par un moulage de mousse expansée in situ, injectée dans une enceinte souple en forme de chausson, placée dans la coque rigide et dans lequel on met le pied auquel on veut ajuster la chaussure. La mousse remplit les espaces libres entre le pied et la coque en épousant fidèlement la forme du pied. Il s'agit d'une solution capable de donner de bons résultats. Malheureusement, la mise en oeuvre du procédé est assez délicate, la répartition de la mousse se fait souvent mal et la proportion d'échecs est importante. C'est aussi une solution coûteuse de sorte que chaque échec en renchérit encore le prix. En outre la résistance de cette mousse expansée à la fatigue n'est pas très bonne et sa densité est assez élevée. Tous ces éléments font que cette solution, qui a connu tout d'abord un vif succès, est peu à peu abandonnée.It has been proposed to remedy this drawback by molding expanded foam in situ, injected into a flexible enclosure in the form of a bootie, placed in the rigid shell and in which the foot is placed to which the shoe is to be adjusted. The foam fills the free spaces between the foot and the shell by closely matching the shape of the foot. It is a solution capable of giving good results. Unfortunately, the implementation of the process is quite delicate, the distribution of the foam is often bad and the proportion of failures is high. It is also an expensive solution so that each failure still increases the price. In addition, the resistance of this expanded foam to fatigue is not very good and its density is quite high. All these elements mean that this solution, which was initially very successful, is gradually abandoned.

Il a également été proposé d'injecter des coussinets de cire ou d'autres matières analogues à certains endroits en vue d'améliorer la tenue du pied dans la coque. Toutefois, de tels coussinets manquent d'élasticité. Il faut encore noter que la tendance actuelle est de réaliser des chaussures légères ne comportant à cet effet plus qu'une seule fermeture et non plus trois ou quatre, de sorte qu'il est encore plus important de maintenir aussi étroitement que possible le pied dans la coque, l'effet de serrage dû aux fermetures étant alors sensiblement réduit.It has also been proposed to inject pads of wax or other similar materials in certain places in order to improve the holding of the foot in the shell. However, such pads lack elasticity. It should also be noted that the current trend is to make light shoes with only one closure for this purpose and no longer three or four, so it is even more important to keep the foot as tight as possible in the shell, the tightening effect due to the closures then being significantly reduced.

On a déjà fait usage de mousses thermo-formables de polyéthylène basse densité soufflé à l'azote, dans le domaine médical, notamment pour mouler à chaud cette mousse autour de différentes parties du corps en vue de réaliser des gouttières ou des supports orthopédiques ou encore pour adapter une prothèse à un membre mutilé. La mousse est chauffée à sa température de thermo-formage qui se situe autour de 140°C et appliquée sur la partie du corps à laquelle on veut adapter cette mousse en la modelant jusqu'à ce qu'elle épouse parfaitement la forme désirée. Contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait craindre, il n'y a pratiquement pas de risque de brûlure. En effet, si l'on considère que la densité de la matière est de l'ordre de 0,04, qu'il s'agit d'une mousse à faible chaleur spécifique, renfermant énormément de gaz et que la conductibilité thermique du polyéthylène est mauvaise et que celle de la mousse l'est encore davantage en raison du grand volume de gaz qu'elle renferme, la quantité de calories à dissiper par unité de temps et de surface est parfaitement compatible avec la capacité d'échange de chaleur de la peau dû à la circulation du sang. Il faut encore ajouter à ces considérations que la surface de matière en contact direct avec la peau, rapportée à la surface de peau recouverte par la mousse est très faible.Thermoformable foams of low-density polyethylene blown with nitrogen have already been used in the medical field, in particular for hot molding this foam around different parts of the body in order to produce gutters or orthopedic supports or else to adapt a prosthesis to a mutilated member. The foam is heated to its thermoforming temperature which is around 140 ° C. and applied to the part of the body to which we want to adapt this foam by modeling it until it perfectly matches the desired shape. Contrary to what one might fear, there is practically no risk of burns. Indeed, if we consider that the density of the material is of the order of 0.04, that it is a foam with low specific heat, containing a lot of gas and that the thermal conductivity of polyethylene is bad and that of the foam is even worse because of the large volume of gas it contains, the quantity of calories to be dissipated per unit of time and surface is perfectly compatible with the heat exchange capacity of the skin due to blood circulation. It must also be added to these considerations that the area of material in direct contact with the skin, relative to the area of skin covered by the foam, is very small.

Le but de la présente invention est de faire usage d'une telle mousse pour remédier aux inconvénients des systèmes d'adaptation susmentionnés, de manière à obtenir un revêtement interne de l'enveloppe dont la forme résulte du fluage de la mousse portée à sa température de thermo-formage et soumise à la contrainte par compression jusqu'à la disparition de cette contrainte, qui constitue le stade final d'adaptation de l'enveloppe à la partie du corps au pied.The object of the present invention is to make use of such a foam to remedy the drawbacks of the above-mentioned adaptation systems, so as to obtain an internal coating of the envelope, the shape of which results from the creep of the foam brought to its temperature. thermoforming and subjected to the compressive stress until the disappearance of this stress, which constitutes the final stage of adaptation of the envelope to the part of the body at the foot.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un élément d'habillement ou accessoire destiné à s'adapter étroitement à une partie du corps humain, comprenant une enveloppe externe non extensible et une garniture souple recouvrant au moins partiellement la face interne de ladite enveloppe, caractérisé par le fait que cette garniture est en une mousse de matière plastique, thermo-formable et est conformée pour ménager, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe,une cavité ouverte constituant une ébauche d'un logement destiné à recevoir ladite partie du corps, certaines au moins parmi les dimensions de cette cavité étant inférieures aux dimensions correspondantes de cette partie du corps.To this end, the subject of the invention is an item of clothing or accessory intended to adapt closely to a part of the human body, comprising an external non-expandable envelope and a flexible lining covering at least partially the internal face of said envelope, characterized in that this lining is made of a foam of plastic material, heat-formable and is shaped to spare , inside said envelope, an open cavity constituting a blank of a housing intended to receive said part of the body, some at least among the dimensions of this cavity being smaller than the corresponding dimensions of this part of the body.

Cette invention a également pour objet un procédé pour adapter l'élément d'habillement ou l'accessoire à ladite partie du corps humain d'un individu donné, caractérisé par le fait que l'on met réciproquement sous pression ladite mousse et ladite partie du corps par l'introduction de cette dernière dans ladite cavité, tout en portant la température de cette mousse à sa température de thermo-formage pendant une durée suffisante pour faire fluer ladite mousse jusqu'à la disparition des contraintes sensibles exercées sur ladite partie du corps et que l'on laisse ensuite refroidir cette mousse au moins jusqu'à sa température de raffermissement.The subject of this invention is also a method for adapting the item of clothing or the accessory to said part of the human body of a given individual, characterized in that said foam is pressurized reciprocally and said part of the body by the introduction of the latter into said cavity, while bringing the temperature of this foam to its thermoforming temperature for a period sufficient to cause said foam to flow until the substantial stresses exerted on said part of the body disappear. and that this foam is then allowed to cool at least to its firming temperature.

Bien que l'on se référera par la suite spécifiquement à une chaussure, celle-ci ne doit être considérée que comme un exemple d'enveloppe et non comme une limitation de l'invention, qui est utilisable sans autre pour l'adaptation de casques, de gants, par exemple de gants de boxe, de bottes de pêche, de chaussons pour combinaisons de plongée sous- marine, de palmes de natation etc ...Although reference will be made hereinafter specifically to a shoe, this should only be considered as an example of an envelope and not as a limitation of the invention, which can be used without other for adapting helmets , gloves, for example boxing gloves, fishing boots, slippers for diving suits, swimming fins, etc.

Le dessin annexé illustre, schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, un mode d'exécution et une variante du procédé objet de l'invention, appliqué à l'adaptation d'une chaussure, ainsi qu'une application de cette invention au casque.The accompanying drawing illustrates, schematically and by way of example, an embodiment and a variant of the method which is the subject of the invention, applied to the adaptation of a shoe, as well as an application of this invention to the helmet.

  • Les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues en coupe d'une chaussure, illustrant deux phases relatives à ce mode d'exécution.Figures 1 and 2 are sectional views of a shoe, illustrating two phases relating to this embodiment.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe agrandie de la garniture souple.Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the soft pad.
  • La figure 4 est une vue selon IV-IV de la figure 3.FIG. 4 is a view along IV-IV of FIG. 3.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en perspective de l'ébauche de garniture.Figure 5 is a perspective view of the trim blank.
  • La figure 6-est une vue en élévation d'une variante.Figure 6-is an elevational view of a variant.
  • La figure 7 est une vue en coupe d'un casque.Figure 7 is a sectional view of a helmet.

Le mode d'exécution illustré par les figures 1 et 2 se rapporte à l'adaptation d'une chaussure, notamment d'une chaussure pour la pratique du ski de descente comprenant une coque 1 en matière plastique moulée formée en général de deux parties la,lb articulées l'une à l'autre et fixées par une ou plusieurs fermetures. Ces fermetures ne sont pas représentées par le dessin annexé, du fait qu'elles ne sont pas nécessaires à la compréhension de l'invention.The embodiment illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2 relates to the adaptation of a boot, in particular a boot for downhill skiing, comprising a shell 1 of molded plastic material generally formed from two parts. , lb articulated to each other and fixed by one or more closures. These closures are not shown in the accompanying drawing, since they are not necessary for understanding the invention.

L'intérieur de la coque 1 est recouvert d'une garniture de mousse thermoplastique 2 thermo-formable, qui peut avantageusement se présenter sous la forme d'un chausson rapporté dans la coque et donc fabriqué séparément d'elle et ménageant une cavité intérieure 3. De préférence cette mousse est une mousse de polyéthylène basse densité soufflée à l'azote et commercialisée sous la marque déposée "Plastazote". Cette mousse est spécialement étudiée en vue d'utilisations médicales, sa densité de 0,04 et sa faible chaleur spécifique lui permettent d'être mise au contact de la peau après avoir été chauffée à sa température de thermo-formage située autour de 120 à 140°C sans provoquer aucune brûlure.The interior of the shell 1 is covered with a lining of thermoformable thermoplastic foam 2, which can advantageously be in the form of a liner attached to the shell and therefore manufactured separately from it and providing an interior cavity 3 Preferably, this foam is a low density polyethylene foam blown with nitrogen and sold under the registered trademark "Plastazote". This foam is specially studied for medical uses, its density of 0.04 and its low specific heat allow it to be put in contact with the skin after having been heated to its thermoforming temperature located around 120 to 140 ° C without causing any burns.

Le chausson formé par la garniture 2 peut être confectionné de préférence sous forme d'un sandwich (fig.4) comprenant deux feuilles de mousse 2a et 2b de 6 mm d'épaisseur, chacune soudées par exemple l'une à l'autre, la mousse de polyéthylène se soudant à sa température de thermo-formage. Ces feuilles peuvent aussi être cousues ou agrafées ou encore fixées par tout autre moyen approprié. Entre ces feuilles de mousse 2a et 2b se trouve un réseau de corps de chauffe électrique 4 constitué dans cet exemple par un dépôt de cuivre sur une feuille de polyéthylène de support 5. Le réseau 4 est formé par la technique bien connue utilisée pour confectionner les circuits imprimés et peut couvrir une partie importante de la surface de la feuille 5 (fig.4) de manière à donner une bonne distribution de chaleur.The liner formed by the lining 2 can preferably be made in the form of a sandwich (FIG. 4) comprising two sheets of foam 2a and 2b of 6 mm thickness, each welded for example to each other, polyethylene foam welding at its thermoforming temperature. These sheets can also be sewn or stapled or fixed by any other suitable means. Between these foam sheets 2a and 2b is an array of electric heating bodies 4 constituted in this example by a deposit of copper on a sheet of support polyethylene 5. The network 4 is formed by the well-known technique used to make the printed circuits and can cover a large part of the surface of the sheet 5 (fig. 4) so as to give a good distribution of heat.

Le chausson peut avantageusement être réalisé comme illustré par la figure 5, c'est-à-dire à l'aide de deux feuilles 2A et 2B d'un sandwich analogue à celui de la figure 4 dans lesquels sont incorporés les réseaux de corps de chauffe. La réunion de ces feuilles constitue l'empeigne du chausson et l'une d'elle 2A présente un appendice 2C replié sensiblement à angle droit pour former le support des voûtes plantaires. Selon la qualité du chausson, la garniture 2 peut être recouverte d'une matière textile 6a,6b adhérente ou non à la garniture 2. Des pattes de raccordement 7 sont encore formées pour permettre de brancher le corps de chauffe à une alimentation électrique. Une semelle ordinaire 8 peut être associée au chausson 2.The liner can advantageously be produced as illustrated in FIG. 5, that is to say using two sheets 2A and 2B of a sandwich similar to that of FIG. 4 in which the arrays of body are incorporated. heated. The union of these leaves constitutes the vamp of the liner and one of them 2A has an appendage 2C folded substantially at a right angle to form the support of the plantar arches. Depending on the quality of the liner, the lining 2 can be covered with a textile material 6a, 6b which may or may not adhere to the lining 2. Connection tabs 7 are further formed to enable the heating body to be connected to an electrical supply. An ordinary sole 8 can be associated with the liner 2.

La forme de la cavité 3 correspond de façon générale à celle du pied auquel on veut adapter la chaussure, mais ses dimensions sont choisies inférieures aux dimensions correspondantes de ce pied.The shape of the cavity 3 generally corresponds to that of the foot to which the shoe is to be adapted, but its dimensions are chosen to be smaller than the corresponding dimensions of this foot.

De préférence cependant, la longueur de la cavité 3 correspond à la pointure du pied auquel la chaussure est destinée à s'adapter, de manière à ne pas comprimer les orteils. Au contraire, il est avantageux de ménager une poche 3a (fig.3) pour permettre de bouger les orteils. Ce sont donc les autres dimensions de la cavité 3 qui se trouvent sous-dimensionnées d'environ une à deux pointures par rapport au pied auquel on veut adapter la chaussure. Lorsque le pied est introduit dans la cavité 3, il se trouve comprimé à l'exception des orteils et par réaction, il en est de même de la mousse 2 qui est emprisonnée dans la coque 1.Preferably, however, the length of the cavity 3 corresponds to the size of the foot to which the shoe is intended to adapt, so as not to compress the toes. On the contrary, it is advantageous to provide a pocket 3a (fig.3) to allow the toes to move. It is therefore the other dimensions of the cavity 3 which are undersized by about one to two sizes relative to the foot to which the shoe is to be adapted. When the foot is introduced into the cavity 3, it is compressed with the exception of the toes and by reaction, the same is true of the foam 2 which is trapped in the shell 1.

Pour adapter la chaussure, on chauffe alors la mousse 2 à sa température de thermo-formage qui est, dans ce cas, d'environ 120° à 140°C. Ce chauffage peut être réalisé avantageusement à l'aide du corps de chauffe électrique 4 branché à une source de courant basse tension (non représentée) pourvue d'un interrupteur temporisé destiné à couper l'alimentation après une durée déterminée choisie pour permettre d'amener la garniture 2 à sa température de thermo-formage. Bien entendu, tout autre système de chauffage approprié peut être utilisé. Dans un tel cas, le chausson 2 pourrait alors être réalisé à l'aide d'une seule feuille sans incorporation des moyens de chauffage. Toutefois, sur le plan pratique, la solution illustrée est celle qui présente la plus grande simplicité d'utilisation et la meilleure garantie pour le succès de la mise en oeuvre du procédé étant donné que l'alimentation électrique peut être conçue spécialement dans ce but et même agencée pour permettre le réglage de la puissance fournie en raison de la grandeur du chausson.To adapt the shoe, the foam 2 is then heated to its thermoforming temperature which is, in this case, about 120 ° to 140 ° C. This heating can advantageously be carried out using the electric heating body 4 connected to a low-voltage current source (not shown) provided with a timed switch intended to cut the power supply after a determined duration chosen to allow the lining 2 to be brought to its thermoforming temperature. Of course, any other suitable heating system can be used. In such a case, the liner 2 could then be produced using a single sheet without incorporating the heating means. However, from a practical point of view, the solution illustrated is that which presents the greatest simplicity of use and the best guarantee for the success of the implementation of the method since the power supply can be specially designed for this purpose and even arranged to allow adjustment of the power supplied due to the size of the liner.

Dès que la température de la mousse formant la garniture 2 correspond à sa température de fluage, elle cède peu à peu à la contrainte du pied qui trouve ainsi sa place, le fluage étant directement fonction des contraintes locales exercées par le pied sur la mousse. La garniture conserve cependant à l'exception de certaines zones d'appui plantaires la structure de la mousse et sa déformation n'est due qu'à la réaction du pied consécutive à la compression subie lors de son introduction dans la cavité 3 sous-dimensionnée. D'ailleurs dans les zones d'appui plantaires les plus sollicitées la garniture peut être supprimée pour ne laisser que la semelle 8.As soon as the temperature of the foam forming the lining 2 corresponds to its creep temperature, it gradually yields to the stress of the foot which thus finds its place, the creep being a direct function of the local stresses exerted by the foot on the foam. With the exception of certain plantar support zones, the lining retains the structure of the foam and its deformation is only due to the reaction of the foot following the compression undergone during its introduction into the undersized cavity 3. . Moreover, in the most stressed plantar support zones, the lining can be removed to leave only the sole 8.

Quelques minutes suffisent pour le thermo-formage du logement à sa dimension adaptée à la morphologie du pied introduit dans les parois de mousse chauffées. On remarque en figure 3 que la poche 3a, ménagée pour permettre de bouger les orteils, reste après la formation du logement. La chaussure est alors prête pour une utilisation immédiate.A few minutes are enough for the thermoforming of the housing to its size adapted to the morphology of the foot introduced into the heated foam walls. Note in Figure 3 that the pocket 3a, formed to allow the toes to move, remains after the formation of the housing. The shoe is then ready for immediate use.

Etant donné qu'il s'agit d'une mousse à pores fermés, des ouvertures peuvent être pratiquées à travers la garniture. La dimension de ces ouvertures ainsi que leur répartition et leur densité peuvent être choisies à volonté en vue de favoriser le transfert de chaleur à travers la garniture.Since it is a closed pore foam, openings can be made through the filling. The size of these openings and their repair tition and their density can be chosen at will in order to favor the transfer of heat through the filling.

La figure 6 illustre une variante selon laquelle un chausson 9, formé en un matériau ni compressible ni thermo-formable, présente latéralement, deux poches dont l'une 10 est visible sur cette figure, l'autre étant disposée simé- triquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du pied. Ces poches sont destinées à recevoir la garniture 2' formée d'une seule pièce à partir d'un sandwich identique à celui de la figure 3. Les deux parties de cette garniture sont enfilées dans les poches latérales depuis l'arrière du chausson 9. L'adaption du chausson 9 est réalisée de la même manière que dans le cas de la forme d'exécution des figures 1 à 5. On place le chausson 9 muni de la garniture 2' dans une chaussure de pointure correspondante, l'utilisateur dont le pied correspond à la pointure de cette chaussure introduit son pied qui se trouve alors sensiblement comprimé à l'endroit de la garniture 2'. A ce moment les pattes de connection 7' sont branchées à une alimentation électrique prévue à cet effet (non représentée) par exemple une alimentation 20V et d'un ampèrage approprié de manière à amener la température de la mousse entre 120° et 1400c sans pour autant que la sensation soit intolérable après quoi l'alimentation est interrompue. La mousse comprimée à cette température entre la coque de la chaussure et le pied flue jusqu'à ce que les contraintes exercées sur le pied aient pratiquement disparu. L'adaptation est terminée et le logement ainsi formé est parfaitement adapté à ce pied qui se trouve ainsi étroitement maintenu tout en étant parfaitement à son aise ce qui constitue un facteur important pour la sécurité et le confort du skieur. Les pattes de connections peuvent être évidemment coupées par la suite.FIG. 6 illustrates a variant according to which a liner 9, formed of a material which is neither compressible nor thermoformable, has laterally, two pockets, one of which is visible in this figure, the other being arranged simultaneously with respect to the longitudinal axis of the foot. These pockets are intended to receive the lining 2 ′ formed in one piece from a sandwich identical to that of FIG. 3. The two parts of this lining are threaded into the side pockets from the rear of the liner 9. The adaptation of the bootie 9 is carried out in the same manner as in the case of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5. The bootie 9 provided with the lining 2 'is placed in a shoe of corresponding size, the user whose the foot corresponds to the size of this shoe introduces its foot which is then substantially compressed at the location of the lining 2 '. At this time, the connection tabs 7 'are connected to a power supply provided for this purpose (not shown), for example a 20V supply and of an appropriate amperage so as to bring the temperature of the foam between 120 ° and 140 ° C. without the sensation being intolerable after which the feeding is interrupted. The foam compressed at this temperature between the shell of the shoe and the foot creeps until the stresses exerted on the foot have practically disappeared. The adaptation is complete and the housing thus formed is perfectly adapted to this foot which is thus tightly maintained while being perfectly at ease which is an important factor for the safety and comfort of the skier. The connection tabs can obviously be cut later.

La figure 7 illustre comment cette garniture peut être utilisée pour un casque 12, dans lequel se trouvent des coussinets 2" chacun formé d'un sandwich semblable à celui de la figure 3 et reliés l'un à l'autre par des connections 11 de manière à les alimenter en courant électrique. Le principe d'adaptation est le même que pour la chaussure, l'épaisseur des garnitures 2" est tel qu'une certaine contrainte s'exerce sur la tête à laquelle le casque 12 doit être adapté. Le chauffage des garnitures 2" est destiné à faire fluer la mousse sous l'effet dèS contraintes jusqu'à ce qu'elles disparaissent pratiquement après quoi on laisse refroidir la mousse qui conserve ainsi l'empreinte exacte de la tête de l'utilisateur.FIG. 7 illustrates how this pad can be used for a helmet 12, in which there are 2 "pads each formed from a sandwich similar to that of Figure 3 and connected to each other by connections 11 so as to supply them with electric current. The principle of adaptation is the same as for the shoe, the thickness of the linings 2 "is such that a certain constraint is exerted on the head to which the helmet 12 must be adapted. The heating of the linings 2" is intended causing the foam to flow under the effect of stresses until they practically disappear, after which the foam is allowed to cool, which thus retains the exact imprint of the user's head.

Un des avantages essentiels de ce mode d'adaptation d'une enveloppe autour d'une partie du corps humain provient du fait que la garniture est étroitement adaptée en fonction des sollicitations locales exercées au moment de son chauffage à sa température de thermo-formage et du fait qu'une fois refroidie, elle conserve sa structure de mousse et par conséquent une certaine souplesse qui garantit le confort, même après le port prolongé de la chaussure ou du casque. En outre la garniture sandwich avec corps de chauffe incorporé est parfaitement bien adapté à des articles de grande diffusion, chaque détaillant pouvant recevoir un poste d'alimentation approprié pour procéder personnellement à l'adaptation de l'article à l'utilisateur. Ensuite la suppression des connections électriques ne permet plus le branchement du corps de chauffe par l'utilisateur à une source d'alimentation non appropriée.One of the essential advantages of this mode of adaptation of an envelope around a part of the human body comes from the fact that the lining is closely adapted as a function of the local stresses exerted at the time of its heating to its thermoforming temperature and the fact that once cooled, it retains its foam structure and therefore a certain flexibility which guarantees comfort, even after prolonged wearing of the shoe or helmet. In addition, the sandwich filling with incorporated heating element is perfectly suited to articles of wide distribution, each retailer being able to receive an appropriate supply station to personally adapt the article to the user. Then the removal of the electrical connections no longer allows the user to connect the heating body to an inappropriate power source.

Claims (10)

1. Elément d'habillement ou accessoire destiné à s'adapter étroitement à une partie du corps humain, comprenant une enveloppe externe non extensible et une garniture souple recouvrant au moins partiellement la face interne de ladite enveloppe, caractérisé par le fait que cette garniture est en une mousse de matière plastique, thermo-formable et est conformée pour ménager, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe,une cavité ouverte constituant une ébauche d'un logement destiné à recevoir ladite partie du corps, certaines au moins parmi les dimensions de cette cavité étant inférieures aux dimensions correspondantes de cette partie du corps.1. Element of clothing or accessory intended to closely fit a part of the human body, comprising an external non-extensible envelope and a flexible lining covering at least partially the internal face of said envelope, characterized in that this lining is in a foam of plastic material, thermoformable and is shaped to provide, inside said envelope, an open cavity constituting a blank of a housing intended to receive said part of the body, some at least among the dimensions of this cavity being smaller than the corresponding dimensions of this part of the body. 2. Procédé pour adapter l'élément d'habillement ou l'accessoire selon la revendication 1, à ladite partie du corps humain d'un individu donné, caractérisé par le fait que l'on met réciproquement sous pression ladite mousse et ladite partie du corps par l'introduction de cette dernière dans ladite cavité, tout en portant la température de cette mousse à sa température de thermo-formage pendant une durée suffisante pour faire fluer ladite mousse jusqu'à la disparition des contraintes sensibles exercées sur ladite partie du corps et que l'on laisse ensuite refroidir cette mousse au moins jusqu'à sa température de raffermissement.2. Method for adapting the item of clothing or the accessory according to claim 1, to said part of the human body of a given individual, characterized in that one pressurizes reciprocally said foam and said part of the body by the introduction of the latter into said cavity, while bringing the temperature of this foam to its thermoforming temperature for a period sufficient to cause said foam to flow until the substantial stresses exerted on said part of the body disappear. and that this foam is then allowed to cool at least to its firming temperature. 3. Garniture souple destinée à adapter une enveloppe non extensible à une partie du corps humain, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle est réalisée en une mousse de matière plastique, thermo-formable à une température donnée et qu'elle est conformée pour ménager une cavité ouverte constituant une ébauche du logement destiné à recevoir ladite partie du corps, certaines au moins parmi les dimensions de cette cavité étant inférieures aux dimensions correspondantes de cette partie du corps.3. Flexible lining intended to adapt a non-extensible envelope to a part of the human body, characterized in that it is made of a foam of plastic material, heat-formable at a given temperature and that it is shaped to provide a open cavity constituting a blank of the housing intended to receive said part of the body, at least some of the dimensions of this cavity being smaller than the corresponding dimensions of this part of the body. 4. Elément d'habillement ou accessoire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ladite mousse est en polyéthylène basse densité soufflée à l'azote et qu'elle présente une densité de l'ordre de 0,04.4. Element of clothing or accessory according to claim 1, characterized in that said foam is in low density polyethylene blown with nitrogen and that it has a density of the order of 0.04. 5. Elément d'habillement selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que ladite garniture est constituée par un sandwich comprenant deux feuilles de ladite mousse entre lesquelles est disposé un corps de chauffe électrique, des moyens de connections étant prévus pour relier ce corps de chauffe à une alimentation électrique.5. clothing element according to claim 1, characterized in that said filling is constituted by a sandwich comprising two sheets of said foam between which is disposed an electric heating body, connection means being provided to connect this body heats to a power supply. 6. Elément d'habillement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe externe est constituée par une coque au moins partiellement rigide.6. clothing element according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer envelope is constituted by an at least partially rigid shell. 7. Elément d'habillement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que ladite enveloppe constitue une chaussure destinée à la pratique du ski.7. A clothing element according to claim 6, characterized in that said envelope constitutes a boot intended for skiing. 8. Elément d'habillement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que ladite enveloppe constitue un casque.8. Element of clothing according to claim 6, characterized in that said envelope constitutes a helmet. 9. Elément d'habillement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ladite enveloppe constitue une botte.9. clothing element according to claim 1, characterized in that said envelope constitutes a boot. 10. Elément d'habillement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ladite enveloppe constitue un gant.10. Element of clothing according to claim 1, characterized in that said envelope constitutes a glove.
EP79810030A 1978-04-06 1979-03-29 Process for fitting an article of dress or accessory to a part of the human body and article or accessory for carrying out the process Expired EP0004829B1 (en)

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GB2358787B (en) * 2000-02-02 2004-01-14 Gentex Corp Custom fitting assembly for helment
US6279172B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2001-08-28 Gentex Corporation Custom fitting assembly for helmet
GB2358787A (en) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-08 Gentex Corp Custom fitting assembly for a helmet
FR2830418A1 (en) 2001-10-04 2003-04-11 Rossignol Sa Ski boot liner shape adapter consists of thin thermoformable plastic plate inserted into pocket in side of boot
EP1319347A1 (en) 2001-12-17 2003-06-18 Skis Rossignol S.A. Inner-boot for shoe for gliding sports
FR2833468A1 (en) 2001-12-17 2003-06-20 Rossignol Sa COMFORT SHOE FOR SLIDING SPORTS SHOE
FR2903174A1 (en) 2006-06-28 2008-01-04 Salomon Sa Shoe e.g. trial running shoe, heating machine for shaping shoe, has blow nozzles placed with respect to each other and arranged from each side of longitudinal direction, and support with hot air generator and passages delimited by edges
EP1872678A2 (en) 2006-06-28 2008-01-02 Salomon S.A. Rigid-shell shoe
FR2902981A1 (en) 2006-06-28 2008-01-04 Salomon Sa SHOE WITH RIGID SHELL
US8893407B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2014-11-25 Salomon S.A.S. Footwear having a rigid shell
WO2012019744A3 (en) * 2010-08-09 2012-11-15 Otto Bock Healthcare Gmbh Orthopaedic moulding arrangement and method for producing an orthopaedic moulding
CN103249382A (en) * 2010-08-09 2013-08-14 奥托·博克保健有限公司 Orthopaedic moulding arrangement and method for producing an orthopaedic moulding
CN103249382B (en) * 2010-08-09 2016-03-02 奥托·博克保健有限公司 Drip molding assembly on orthopedic surgical technique and the method for the manufacture of orthopedic surgical technique drip molding
US9751243B2 (en) 2010-08-09 2017-09-05 Otto Bock Healthcare Gmbh Orthopaedic moulding arrangement and method for producing an orthopaedic moulding
EP2907404A1 (en) 2014-02-17 2015-08-19 Calzaturificio dal Bello S.R.L. Sport footwear for practicing winter sports and corresponding production method

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AT369969B (en) 1983-02-25
DE2966773D1 (en) 1984-04-19
WO1979000886A1 (en) 1979-11-01
JPS55500186A (en) 1980-04-03
EP0004829A3 (en) 1979-10-31
IT7921626A0 (en) 1979-04-05
US4433494A (en) 1984-02-28
JPS602041B2 (en) 1985-01-18
CA1126016A (en) 1982-06-22
EP0004829B1 (en) 1984-03-14
ATA251279A (en) 1982-07-15
IT1202909B (en) 1989-02-15

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