DE3324671A1 - Use of an industrial sewage sludge - Google Patents

Use of an industrial sewage sludge

Info

Publication number
DE3324671A1
DE3324671A1 DE19833324671 DE3324671A DE3324671A1 DE 3324671 A1 DE3324671 A1 DE 3324671A1 DE 19833324671 DE19833324671 DE 19833324671 DE 3324671 A DE3324671 A DE 3324671A DE 3324671 A1 DE3324671 A1 DE 3324671A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
sewage sludge
production
added
building material
preservatives
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19833324671
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE3324671C2 (en
Inventor
Erich 5300 Bonn Baltes
Heinrich 5210 Troisdorf Bender
Erich 5330 Königswinter Helbig
Raimund Rosellen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Didier Werke AG
Original Assignee
Didier Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Didier Werke AG filed Critical Didier Werke AG
Priority to DE19833324671 priority Critical patent/DE3324671A1/en
Publication of DE3324671A1 publication Critical patent/DE3324671A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3324671C2 publication Critical patent/DE3324671C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/16Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/0418Wet materials, e.g. slurries
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/34Filling pastes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of an industrial sewage sludge for the production of a constructional material in that organic and/or inorganic additives are added to the sewage sludge. The sewage sludges produced in many industrial sectors as waste products are converted as a result in a simple manner into valuable constructional materials, as a result of which the disposal of the sludges is not necessary and, at the same time, a particularly environmentally-friendly, economical method having many applications is created for the further processing of the sewage sludges.

Description

Verwendung eines industriellen Klärschlamms. Use of an industrial sewage sludge.

In der Industrie fallen vielfach als Abfallprodukte Klärschlämme an, deren Entsorgung (Deponie, Verbrennung usw.) aus Gründen des Umweltschutzes problematisch bzw. aufwendig und teuer ist.In industry, sewage sludge is often a waste product, Their disposal (landfill, incineration, etc.) is problematic for reasons of environmental protection or is complex and expensive.

Es ist zwar bekannt, die Klärschlämme in Einzelfällen so zu verarbeiten, daß es möglich ist, die daraus gewonnenen Produkte im Recyclingverfahren wiederzuverwenden. Eine solche Verfahrensweise ist jedoch kostspielig und kommt nur selten in Betracht.It is known to process sewage sludge in individual cases in such a way that that it is possible to reuse the products obtained from it in the recycling process. However, such a procedure is costly and rarely considered.

So ist es beispielsweise aus der US-PS 40 96 061 bekannt, wässrige Dispersionsfarbenabfälle durch organische Stoffe zu koagulieren und nach Abtrennung der entstehenden Feststoffphase diese mit einem dispergierend wirkenden anionischen Agens zu versetzen. Das auf diese Weise gewonnene Produkt ist nach Reemulgierung zur Neubildung einer Dispersionsfarbe verwendbar. Bei diesem Verfahren ist es aber neben den hohen Kosten insbesondere für die Reemulgierung von Nachteil, daß man für unterschiedliche Dispersionskoagulate verschiedene Reemulgierungsmittel einsetzen muß, um die Lagerstabilität des hieraus herzustellenden Produktes zu gewährleisten. Aufgrund dieser Umstände ist das Verfahren für eine breite Anwendung zur Widerverwendung von Abwassergemischen aus verschiedenen Produktionszweigen der Farben- und Putz industrie nicht geeignet. Es ist auch nicht möglich, artfremde Abfälle aus anderen Industriezweigen mit einzubeziehen.For example, it is known from US Pat. No. 4,096,061, aqueous To coagulate emulsion paint waste by organic matter and after separation the resulting solid phase this with a dispersing anionic Agent to relocate. The product obtained in this way is after re-emulsification can be used to create a new emulsion paint. But with this procedure it is In addition to the high costs, in particular for re-emulsification, the disadvantage that one use different re-emulsifying agents for different dispersion coagulates must in order to ensure the storage stability of the product to be manufactured from it. Because of these circumstances, the method is for wide application for reuse of wastewater mixtures from different branches of production of paint and plaster not suitable for industry. It is also not possible to waste alien waste from others Industries to be included.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit der Weiterverarbeitung von industriellen Klärschlämmen, insbesondere der Farben- und Putzindustrie zu schaffen, welche die Entsorgung der Schlämme entbehrlich macht und gegenüber bekannten Recclinyverfahren sowohl eine bessere Wirtschaftlichkeit als auch einen breiteren Anwendungsbereich bietet.The invention is based on the object of a possibility of further processing from industrial sewage sludge, especially from the paint and plaster industry, which makes the disposal of the sludge superfluous and compared to known recycling processes both better economy and a wider range of applications offers.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, den Klärschlamm zur Herstellung eines Baustoffes durch Zugabe organischer und/oder anorganischer Additive zu verwenden.To solve this problem it is proposed according to the invention, the sewage sludge for the production of a building material by adding organic and / or inorganic additives to be used.

Dieser Vorschlag beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß in vielen Industriezweigen, wie z.B. bei der Lack-Dispersions- und Kunstharz produktion sowie bei der Weiterverarbeitung dieser Produkte, ferner bei Lackierverfahren, bei der Holzfaserproduktion, in der Tapetenindustrie usw. Klärschlämme anfallen, deren Zusammensetzung geeignet ist, daraus Baustoffe wie Putze, Mörtel, Kleber, Spachtelmasse u.ä. Produkte herzustellen, indem dem Klärschlamm entsprechend dem angestrebten Qualitätsstandard die jeweils notwendigen Additive zugesetzt werden. Dies ist in der Regel mit einem einfachen Mischgerät zu bewerkstelligen.This proposal is based on the knowledge that in many branches of industry, such as in paint dispersion and synthetic resin production as well as in further processing of these products, also in painting processes, in wood fiber production, in the Wallpaper industry etc. sewage sludge is produced, the composition of which is suitable from it building materials such as plaster, mortar, glue, filler, etc. Manufacture products, by adding the sewage sludge according to the desired quality standard necessary additives can be added. This is usually done with a simple one To accomplish mixing device.

Die als Abfallprodukte anfallenden Klärschlämme werden dadurch in einfacher Weise in wertvolle Baustoffe umgewandelt, womit deren Entsorgung entfällt und gleichzeitig eine besonders umweltfreundliche, wirtschaftliche und vielfach anwendbar Möglichkeit der Weiterverarbeitung der Klärschlämme geschaffen wird.The sewage sludge arising as waste products is thereby in easily converted into valuable building materials, which means that there is no need to dispose of them and at the same time a particularly environmentally friendly, economical and often applicable possibility of further processing of the sewage sludge is created.

Zur Verbesserung der physikalisch/chemischen Eigenschaften des Baustoffes können dem Klärschlamm vor seiner Verarbeitung vor Ort erfindungsgemäß Zement oder ähnliche Produkte zugesetzt werden.To improve the physical / chemical properties of the building material can cement or the sewage sludge prior to its processing on site according to the invention similar products are added.

Es ist ferner im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, dem Baustoff zur Verbesserung der Verarbeitungseigenschaften und Erhöhung der Qualität bzw. der Lagerstabilitat zusätzlich Dispersionen, Leime, Emulgatoren, Netzmittel, Konservierungsmittel u.ä.It is also possible within the scope of the invention to improve the building material the processing properties and increase in quality or storage stability additional dispersions, glues, emulsifiers, wetting agents, preservatives, etc.

zuzugeben. Eine ähnliche Wirkung wie durch Zugabe von Konservierungsmittel ist auch durch Erhitzen, UV-Bestrahlung oder ähnliche Verfahren erzielbar.admit. An effect similar to that of adding preservatives can also be achieved by heating, UV irradiation or similar processes.

Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, als Additive anorganische Füllstoffe, die selbst als Abfallprodukte in anderen Industriezwei gen anfallen und sonst zur Entsorgung auf eine Deponie gebracht werden müßten, zu verwenden. Hierfür kommen u.a.There is also the possibility of using inorganic fillers as additives, which themselves arise as waste products in other branches of industry and otherwise for Waste disposal would have to be taken to a landfill to use. Come for this i.a.

Basalt, Sand, Gips u.ä. in Frage.Basalt, sand, plaster, etc. in question.

Es ist auch im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, Baustoffe aus einer Kombination mehrerer der o.g. Klärschlämme herzustellen.It is also possible within the scope of the invention to use a combination of building materials to produce several of the above-mentioned sewage sludges.

Falls erforderlich, kann der Festkörpergehalt der Klärschlämme durch physikalische Verfahren, wie z.B. Erhitzen oder Zentrifugieren, erhöht werden.If necessary, the solids content of the sewage sludge can through physical processes such as heating or centrifugation can be increased.

Besonders vorteilhafte Verwendungsmöglichkeiten sind in den Unteransprüchen 4 bis 8 angegeben.Particularly advantageous possible uses are set out in the subclaims 4 to 8 indicated.

Ausführungsbeispiele: 1) Verwendung eines Klärschlamms aus der Dispersionsfarben-Produktion als Baukleber 15,- % Klärschlamm, enthaltend, bezogen auf Trockenmasse ca. 40% org. Bestandteile, vorwiegend koagulierte Kunststoff-Dispersion ca. 60% anorg. Bestandteile wie Titandioxid, Kreide und Eisenhydroxid.Embodiments: 1) Use of a sewage sludge from the production of emulsion paints as a construction adhesive 15, -% sewage sludge, containing, based on dry matter, approx. 40% org. Components, mainly coagulated plastic dispersion approx. 60% inorganic. Components such as titanium dioxide, chalk and iron hydroxide.

15,- % Terpolymere Dispersion aus Vinylacetat/Aethylen/ Vinylchlorid 50% 0,1 % anionaktives Netzmittel 0,1 % Methylcellulose 0,5 % Glasfaser 0,3 % Konservierungsmittel 68,5 % inerte mineralische Körnung, z.B. Sand 0-0,7 mm 100,0% alternativ: T 20,- % Zement PZ 35 F 2) Verwendung eines Klärschlamms aus der Kunstharz-Putz-Produkt ion als Spachtel-/Ausgleichsmasse 50,- % Klärschlamm, enthaltend, bezogen auf Trockenmasse ca. 30 % organische Bestandteile vorwiegend koagulierte Dispersion und ca. 70 % anorg. Bestandteile wie Quarz, Kalkspat, Glimmer und Aluminiumhydroxid. 15, -% terpolymer dispersion made of vinyl acetate / ethylene / vinyl chloride 50% 0.1% anionic wetting agent 0.1% methyl cellulose 0.5% glass fiber 0.3% preservative 68.5% inert mineral grain, e.g. sand 0-0.7 mm 100.0% alternatively: T 20, -% cement PZ 35 F 2) Use of a sewage sludge off the synthetic resin plaster product ion as a filler / leveling compound 50% sewage sludge, containing, based on dry matter, approx. 30% organic components predominantly coagulated dispersion and approx. 70% inorg. Components such as quartz, calcite, mica and aluminum hydroxide.

20,- o; Styrol-Acrylat-Dispersion 50% 0,1 % anionaktives Netzmittel 0,2 % Methylcellulose 1 ,0 % Konservierungsmittel 2,7 % inerte mineralische Körnung, z.B. Sand 0-0,7 mm 100,0 % 20, - o; Styrene-acrylate dispersion 50% 0.1% anionic wetting agent 0.2% methyl cellulose 1, 0% preservative 2.7% inert mineral grain, e.g. sand 0-0.7 mm 100.0%

Claims (8)

Verwendung eines industriellen Klärschlamms. Use of an industrial sewage sludge. Patentansprüche: 1. Verwendung eines industriellen Klärschlammes zur Herstellung eines Baustoffes, dadurch, daß dem Klärschlamm organische und/oder anorganische Additive zugegeben werden. Claims: 1. Use of an industrial sewage sludge for the production of a building material, characterized in that the sewage sludge is organic and / or inorganic additives are added. 2. Baustoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Klärschlamm zusätzlich Dispersionen, Leime, Emulgatoren, Netzmittel, Konservierungsmittel u.ä. zugesetzt werden.2. Building material according to claim 1, characterized in that the sewage sludge additional dispersions, glues, emulsifiers, wetting agents, preservatives, etc. can be added. 3. Baustoff nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Klärschlamm einer physikalischen Behandlung durch Erhitzen, UV-Bestrahlung u. ä. unterzogen wird.3. Building material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Sewage sludge from a physical treatment by heating, UV irradiation, etc. is subjected. 4. Verwendung eines Klärschlammes aus der Dispersionsfarbenproduktion zur Herstellung eines Bauklebers, dadurch, daß dem Klärschlamm eine terpolymere Dispersion aus Vinylacetat/Aethylen/vinylchlorid, anionaktives Netzmittel, Methylcellulose, Glasfaser, Konservierungsmittel und inerte mineralische Körnung, wie Quarz- und Kalkstein-Sand zugegeben werden.4. Use of sewage sludge from emulsion paint production for the production of a construction adhesive, in that the sewage sludge is a terpolymer Dispersion of vinyl acetate / ethylene / vinyl chloride, anionic wetting agent, methyl cellulose, Glass fiber, preservatives and inert mineral grit, such as quartz and Limestone sand can be added. 5. Verwendung eines Klärschlammes aus der Dispersionsfarben-Produktion zur Herstellung eines Fliesenklebers, dadurch, daß dem Klärschlamm eine Styrol/Acrylat-Dispersion, Netzmittel, Methylhydroxyäthylcellulose, organische Lösungsmittel, Konservierungsmittel, Hydrophobierungsmittel und inerte mineralische Sande und Mehle zugegeben werden.5. Use of sewage sludge from the production of emulsion paints for the production of a tile adhesive, in that the sewage sludge is a styrene / acrylate dispersion, Wetting agents, Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, organic solvents, Preservatives, water repellants and inert mineral sands and flours be admitted. 5. Verwendung eines Klärschlammes aus der Kunstharz-Put-Produktion zur Herstellung einer Spachtel-Ausgleichsmasse, dadurch, daß dem Klärschlamm eine copolymere Propionat/Acrylat-Dispersion, Luftporenbildner, Methylhydroxypropylcellulose, Konservierungsmittel und inerte mineralische Sande und Mehle zugegeben werden.5. Use of sewage sludge from synthetic resin put production for the production of a leveling compound, characterized in that the sewage sludge a copolymer propionate / acrylate dispersion, air entrainer, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose, Preservatives and inert mineral sands and flours can be added. 7. Verwendung eines Klärschlammes aus der Kunstharz-Putz-Produktion zur Herstellung eines Fertig-Mörtel/Putzes, dadurch, daß dem Klärschlamm eine copolymere Vinylacetat-Dispersion, Montmorillonit-Verdicker, Luftporenbildner, Konservierungsmittel, Glimmer und inerte mineralische Sande und Mehle sowie gegebenenfalls Eisenoxidpigmente, Farbpigmente zugegeben werden.7. Use of sewage sludge from synthetic resin plaster production for the production of a ready-made mortar / plaster, in that the sewage sludge is a copolymer Vinyl acetate dispersion, montmorillonite thickener, air entrainer, preservative, Mica and inert mineral sands and flours and possibly iron oxide pigments, Color pigments are added. 8. Baustoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Baustoff vor der Verarbeitung zusätzlich Zement u.ä. zugegeben werden.8. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that cement and the like are added to the building material prior to processing. be admitted.
DE19833324671 1983-07-08 1983-07-08 Use of an industrial sewage sludge Granted DE3324671A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833324671 DE3324671A1 (en) 1983-07-08 1983-07-08 Use of an industrial sewage sludge

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833324671 DE3324671A1 (en) 1983-07-08 1983-07-08 Use of an industrial sewage sludge

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3324671A1 true DE3324671A1 (en) 1985-01-17
DE3324671C2 DE3324671C2 (en) 1987-02-05

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0280753A1 (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-09-07 Georg Dr. Fritsch Process for eliminating harmful wastes
DE4010898A1 (en) * 1990-04-04 1991-10-10 Klaus Holding Ag Building material prodn. - using raw clarification sludge mixed with fibres and binder or swelling agent
DE4203866C1 (en) * 1992-02-11 1993-09-16 Environmental Techn Eur Ltd
WO2004071987A1 (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-08-26 Greenbuild Group Building materials made from waste materials and method for making same
US7727329B2 (en) 2000-03-14 2010-06-01 James Hardie Technology Limited Fiber cement building materials with low density additives
US7993570B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2011-08-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Durable medium-density fibre cement composite
US7998571B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2011-08-16 James Hardie Technology Limited Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same
US8209927B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2012-07-03 James Hardie Technology Limited Structural fiber cement building materials
US8993462B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2015-03-31 James Hardie Technology Limited Surface sealed reinforced building element

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3904537A1 (en) * 1989-02-15 1990-08-16 Schleffler Gerhard Process for the removal and disposal for the purposes of recycling or other use of spray material mist from the exhaust air and of spray material residues in toto in processes for the spray coating of articles with organochemical coatings
DE19503694A1 (en) * 1995-02-04 1996-08-08 Christian F Duerselen Composite packaging recycling process
NZ528307A (en) 2001-03-02 2005-04-29 James Hardie Int Finance Bv Spattering apparatus
CN103834218A (en) * 2014-01-13 2014-06-04 南昌大学 Method for preparing building exterior wall colored putty powder from incinerated sludge ash

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2048288A (en) * 1979-04-09 1980-12-10 Rossi Livio Srl Process for Using Residual Sludges from Industrial Painting with Oven-curable Paint in Spray Booths
DE3150718A1 (en) * 1981-12-22 1983-06-30 Adam Opel AG, 6090 Rüsselsheim Material based on synthetic resins which can be used for painting

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2048288A (en) * 1979-04-09 1980-12-10 Rossi Livio Srl Process for Using Residual Sludges from Industrial Painting with Oven-curable Paint in Spray Booths
DE3150718A1 (en) * 1981-12-22 1983-06-30 Adam Opel AG, 6090 Rüsselsheim Material based on synthetic resins which can be used for painting

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chemical Abstracts, 1981, 95, 205528m *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0280753A1 (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-09-07 Georg Dr. Fritsch Process for eliminating harmful wastes
DE4010898A1 (en) * 1990-04-04 1991-10-10 Klaus Holding Ag Building material prodn. - using raw clarification sludge mixed with fibres and binder or swelling agent
DE4203866C1 (en) * 1992-02-11 1993-09-16 Environmental Techn Eur Ltd
US7727329B2 (en) 2000-03-14 2010-06-01 James Hardie Technology Limited Fiber cement building materials with low density additives
US8182606B2 (en) 2000-03-14 2012-05-22 James Hardie Technology Limited Fiber cement building materials with low density additives
US7993570B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2011-08-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Durable medium-density fibre cement composite
WO2004071987A1 (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-08-26 Greenbuild Group Building materials made from waste materials and method for making same
US7998571B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2011-08-16 James Hardie Technology Limited Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same
US8993462B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2015-03-31 James Hardie Technology Limited Surface sealed reinforced building element
US8209927B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2012-07-03 James Hardie Technology Limited Structural fiber cement building materials

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