DE102008033865B4 - Safety lighting system and method for operating a safety lighting system - Google Patents

Abstract

Safety lighting system, consisting of several fire compartments (1, 1 ') and a separate electrical room (6) with a power supply (7), with at least one power line (2) with several consumers (3) in each fire compartment (1, 1') , characterized in that: - to power the consumers (3), the power line (2) of each fire compartment (1, 1 ') is electrically connected on the output side to a fire compartment distributor (4), each fire compartment distributor (4) being electrically connected to a ring main on the input side (5) is integrated, for which the ring main (5) runs through each fire compartment (1, 1 ') and the electrical room (6) and is electrically connected to the power supply (7) in the electrical room (6), - within the fire compartment distributor (4) the ring line (5) is electrically connected to the power line (2) via a respective connection terminal (9), with a fuse element (2) between each connection terminal (9) and the power line (2). 10) is arranged, - on both sides of the connection terminal (9) of the ring line (5) an isolating relay (11), a TRIAC (12), a measuring terminal (13) and a resistance measuring circuit with a measuring resistor (15) and a relay (16) to enable the resistance measurement, the isolating relay (11), the TRIAC (12), the measuring terminals (13) and the relay (16) each being electrically connected to a control unit (14), - the resistance measuring circuit for measuring the line resistance in the ring line (5), the resistance measuring circuit can be switched on with the relay (16), and - if at least one electrical fault occurs in the ring line (5), the at least one fault point can be disconnected from the power supply.

Description

The invention relates to a safety lighting system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a safety lighting system according to the preamble of claim 3.

Such safety lighting system and the associated method for operating a safety lighting system are used as emergency lighting in the event of a fire, the fire parts not affected by a fire at least 30 min. continue to work.

There are already known safety lighting systems containing central battery systems, which in turn consist of lead-acid batteries of a charger for the lead-acid batteries and a monitoring and switching device for the pending Endstromkreissicherungen. In summary, these supply systems belong to the device category CPS systems and for smaller outputs to the device category LPS systems.

In case of failure of the general lighting system, but still existing mains voltage, the supply of safety lighting circuits with mains voltage. In case of failure of the mains voltage, the reference is made after switching from the accumulators.

At least two separate circuits are needed per fire section, which are supplied to the end fire section with function maintenance cable E30. These known safety lighting systems have the disadvantage that they are very costly, because the support system and the cables require a general building inspection test certificate.

Furthermore, an overcurrent protection device for networks fed by means of an emergency power supply has already been disclosed in which an interruption element can be switched off by means of a comparator circuit which can be acted upon by a presettable setpoint value for the phase current and which is preceded by a measuring device which detects the actual value of the phase current. ( DE 90 17 973 U1 )

According to this invention, the rise of the current over the permissible operating current is detected by a constant current measurement in the consumer string and the interruption element is controlled so that it immediately interrupts the current flow to the faulty consumer when the actual value exceeds the setpoint of the string current.

However, this proposal is not suitable for keeping plants affected by a fire at least 30 min. continue to work.

From the EP 978 924 A2 an electrical system for power and backup power supply of emergency lights is known, each associated with an operating device for operating at least one lamp, a monitoring device to monitor the state of the power supply of the general lighting and / or emergency lighting.

From the GB 2436948 A a safety lighting is known by an escape route, which comprises a low-voltage bus system with at least one power supply, which is preferably arranged in a ring line, and at least one light-emitting diode (LED), which is activated in an emergency.

From the DE 283 598 A For example, a time delay for electrical switches is known in which the tripping time is affected by the voltage drop as a result of overload, the time relay, which may or may not be independent of the tripping current, affect the tension of a spring, so that this spring tension is gradual increases until it overcomes the holding force of a voltage excited by the electromagnet, then its armature movement either directly or indirectly, the triggering of the switch takes place.

From the DE 370 089 A a device for the protection of subdivided networks against malfunction is known in which the effect of the voltage drop in the line on time relay is used to automatically disconnect the defective line piece without affecting the remaining parts of the network, the Zeitwerk each time relay from an auxiliary voltage source fed and whose partial voltage acting on the timer is regulated in dependence on the mains voltage.

From the CH 116 451 A a device for the selective overcurrent protection of electrical power supplies is known in which in the event of a short circuit, the voltage in the branched relay supply circuits is successively downregulated, whereby the tripping times of these relays is affected.

It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a simple, safe and cost-effective safety lighting system, which guarantees that the unaffected by a fire systems at least 30 min. to be protected.

This object is achieved on the device side by the features of claim 1 and the method by the features of claim 3. Expedient embodiments emerge from the subclaims 2 and 4.

The new safety lighting system and the associated method for operating a safety lighting system eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.

According to the application of the new safety lighting system, it is that the power line of each fire section is electrically connected to the output side each with a Brandabschnittsverteiler, each Brandabschnittsverteiler input side is electrically integrated into a loop, including the loop passes through each fire section and the electric room and in the Electric room is electrically connected to the power supply. As a result, the electrical lines are laid in different ways through the individual fire sections using the known cabling principle of the ring bus technology.

If a part of the ring cable is damaged by fire and there is a short circuit or interruption failure, the parts of the line not affected by the fire will be separated from the damaged part in the event of a short circuit and supplied further. Only the damaged part of the ring cable system is disconnected from the supply. The function of fire affected equipment is set. Conformity with the protection objectives of the existing pipeline directive is thereby achieved.

According to the invention, it is also within the fire segment manifold, the ring line to the power line via a respective terminal is electrically connected, wherein between each terminal and the power line in each case a fuse element is arranged and both sides of the terminal of the ring each one isolating relay, a TRIAC, a measuring terminal and a resistance measuring circuit with a measuring resistor and a relay for enabling the resistance measurement are arranged. As a result, separating elements are used, which are able to detect and switch off short circuit and / or interruption errors. The separation elements work according to the principle of differential protection in high voltage engineering.

Should it come to the triggering of several separating elements due to low voltage drops, there is a need for finding the intact line system to the next separating element to supply the subsequent line section again.

Line interruptions and short circuits are detected by the resistance measurement combination and are not reconnected by the isolators. The need for shutdown or non-switching results from the possibility of a subsequent short circuit.

According to the invention in the application of the new method for operating a safety lighting system, it is that the tapped voltage of a plant part is measured and causes a deviation of a setpoint, a shutdown of the power supply of this part of the system after a trip time. The operating principle is based on the measurement of the voltage drop in the event of short-circuit faults, whereby, according to a fixed triggering curve, the disconnection by the separating elements and, correspondingly, the separation of the damaged system parts takes place staggered.

It is particularly advantageous if the tripping time behaves in dependence on the tapped voltage of the system part, wherein the smaller the tapped voltage of the system part, the shorter the tripping time. As a result, the consumers with the largest voltage drops are disconnected from the grid immediately by the separating elements. Disconnectors with lower voltage drops do not come to the shutdown because the short circuit is already interrupted before the time of tripping is reached. In this case, a separator with a high voltage drop on the line in case of short circuit is closer to the short circuit point than a separator with a high measured voltage drop.

The new safety lighting system and the associated method will now be explained using an exemplary embodiment.

To show:

1 : Schematic representation of the spatial distribution of the new emergency lighting,

2 : Schematic representation of the ring line of the new emergency lighting

3 : Fire Department Distributor and

4 : Schematic representation of the voltage drop across the loop.

Gem. 1 The new emergency lighting system is to be explained as an example for four fire zones, with each fire compartment being used 1 . 1' at least one power line 2 with multiple consumers 3 are located. Each consumer includes 3 at least one safety light.

To power the consumers 3 is the power line 2 every fire section 1 . 1' each with a fire compartment distributor 4 electrically connected on the output side.

Each fire compartment distributor is on the entrance side 4 electrically in a loop 5 integrated, including the loop 5 every fire section 1 . 1' passes through and from a separate electric room 6 is fed. In the electric room 6 is the ring line 6 with the power supply 7 electrically connected, wherein gem. 2 the ring line 5 from two live conductors 8th which are supplied with alternating current or, if necessary, with direct current. This is indicated by the power supply 7 at least one accumulator, not shown in the figures.

Every fire department distributor 4 is according to 3 through the loop 5 from two sides each over different fire sections 1 . 1' provided. In addition, each fire department distributor 4 via one connection terminal each 9 to the electrical conductors 8th the ring line 5 connected. Inside the fire department distributors 4 is the ring line 5 with the power line 2 also via one terminal each 9 electrically connected, between these terminals 9 and the power lines 2 each a fuse element 10 is arranged.

On both sides of the terminal 9 the power line 2 are in the fire department distributor 4 one isolating relay each 11 , a TRIAC 12 and a measuring clamp 13 arranged and each with a control unit 14 electrically connected. In addition, on both sides of the terminal 9 in pairs the electrical conductors 8th via a measuring resistor 15 and a relay 16 connectable to enable the resistance measurement, wherein for driving the relay 16 electrically also to the control unit 14 connected.

Furthermore, the control unit 14 with a control line 17 electrically connected.

• – Normalbetrieb,
• – Kurzschluss in Stromleitung 2,
• – Kabelbruch in Stromleitung 2,
• – Kurzschluss in Ringleitung 5 und
• – Kabelbruch in Ringleitung 5.

The operation of the new emergency lighting system should be explained in the following operating states:

• - normal operation,
• - Short circuit in power line 2 .
• - Cable break in power line 2 .
• - Short circuit in loop 5 and
• - Cable break in loop 5 ,

In normal operation is on the loop 5 each from the electric room 6 into the individual fire sections 1 a 220 V AC voltage. This voltage is placed in the fire compartment distributor 4 the individual fire sections 1 on both sides via the terminal 9 to power the control unit 14 tapped and measured at the same time. Is the measured voltage across the measuring terminal 13 about 220 V AC, then it is through the control unit 14 the isolating relays 11 . 11 ' closed, whereby on the one hand via the power lines 2 the respective consumers 3 the two adjacent fire sections 1 and on the other hand, the fire sections 1 each adjacent fire section 1' supplied with the 220 V AC voltage.

In the fire department distributor 4 the adjacent fire sections 1' the switching-on procedure described above is repeated until the ring line 5 is closed and all consumers 3 over their respective power lines 2 the fire sections 1 . 1' supplied with the 220 V AC voltage. Then the new emergency lighting system is in normal operation.

Now step in a power line 2 or in at a consumer 3 a fire section 1 . 1' a short circuit, then the current flow in the relevant power line 2 through her fuse element 10 interrupted. Usually is as a security element 10 a fuse or a circuit breaker conceivable that burns through the short-circuit current or is thermally triggered by the short-circuit current.

For a short circuit in the loop 5 , as an example at a short circuit point 18 , there is a lowering of the operating voltage 19 in the ring line 5 from the electric room 6 in the direction of the short circuit point 18 according to 4 , This lowering of the operating voltage 19 will in individual fire department distributors 4 . 4 ' via the measuring terminals 13 . 13 ' through the control unit 14 detected. Each control unit has it 14 a measuring voltage dependent tripping time. That's why every control unit would 14 trigger in accordance with the trigger times exemplified in Tab. 1, but only the closest to the short circuit point 18 located control units 14 actually trigger and the loop 5 in the direction of the short circuit point 18 interrupt. Because after the interruptions of the loop 5 in the direction of the short circuit point 18 through the appropriate isolating relays 11 . 11 ' no short circuit anymore in the loop 5 is present, the AC voltage in the loop 5 again 220 V and the remaining control units 14 do not trigger.

Is it due to low voltage drops to trigger multiple isolation relay 11 . 11 ' in the fire department distributors 4 , is a reconnection of the part of the loop 5 after finding the short circuit on the loop 5 automatically made.

At the disconnected fire department distributors 4 are the isolating relays 11 . 11 ' opened and it is via the respective measuring terminals 13 tested in which adjacent part of the loop 5 still a voltage is applied. Lies in the adjacent part of the loop 5 no voltage, then the contacts of the relay 16 over the measuring resistor 15 closed and the line resistance measured.

Is determined by measuring the resistance value of the measuring resistor 15 a permissible resistance value confirmed, then there is a reliable connection of the loop 5 between two fire department distributors 4 before and there is an automatic connection of the part of the loop 5 ,

The connection of the entire system always takes place from the direction of energy flow.

The use of TRIAC 12 should enable fast switching in the event of a short circuit. The separation of the circuit with the required contact spacing via the relay contacts of the relay 16 ,

Supply of fire department distributors 4 takes place at an existing mains voltage with an AC voltage 230 V and in case of failure of the mains voltage via DC voltage from the at least one accumulator.

The system design of the emergency lighting control center in the electric room 6 as well as the necessary display and switching options should comply with DIN EN 50171.

The switching times specified by standards DIN DVE 0108-100 and DIN 1838 should be observed.

The control line 17 is used for quick switching of fire department distributors 4 needed in case of failure of the general power supply to the backup power supply.

The usual connection of the fire protection distributor successively in the direction of current flow via the measurement of the continuity of the lines is in contradiction to the specified in the standard DIN VDE 0100-718 switching time of 1 second.

For safety lighting systems with a switching time of 15 seconds, this direct control can be dispensed with.

In case of damage to the control line 17 due to a short circuit or interruption, only the function "Quick start" may be impaired. The connection is then made after the measurement process at each section of the ring. Tab. 1: Tripping times (example values) Operating voltage [V] 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 Voltage drop [V] 0 22 44 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220 tapped voltage [V] (supply voltage) 220 198 176 154 132 110 88 66 44 22 0 Tripping time [s] 0.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 '

Brand section

2

power line

3

consumer

4

Fire zone distribution

5

loop

6

electrical room

7

power supply

8th

electrical conductor

9

terminal

10

fuse element

11, 11 '

isolating relay

12

TRIAC

13

measuring terminal

14

control unit

15

measuring resistor

16

relay

17

control line

18

Short stop

19

Lowering the operating voltage

Claims (4)

Safety lighting system consisting of several fire compartments ( 1 . 1' ) and a separate electric room ( 6 ) with a power supply ( 7 ), whereby in each fire section ( 1 . 1' ) at least one power line ( 2 ) with several consumers ( 3 ), characterized in that: - to supply consumers with electricity ( 3 ) the power line ( 2 ) each fire section ( 1 . 1' ) each with a fire compartment distributor ( 4 ) is electrically connected on the output side, each fire compartment distributor ( 4 ) on the input side electrically into a loop ( 5 ) is integrated, to which the ring line ( 5 ) every fire section ( 1 . 1' ) as well as the electrical room ( 6 ) and in the electrical room ( 6 ) with the power supply ( 7 ) is electrically connected, - within the fire compartment distributors ( 4 ) the ring line ( 5 ) with the power line ( 2 ) via a respective terminal ( 9 ) is electrically connected, wherein between each terminal ( 9 ) and the power line ( 2 ) each a fuse element ( 10 ), - on both sides of the terminal ( 9 ) of the loop ( 5 ) in each case a separation relay ( 11 ), a TRIAC ( 12 ), a measuring terminal ( 13 ) as well as a resistance measuring circuit with a measuring resistor ( 15 ) and a relay ( 16 ) are arranged to enable the resistance measurement, wherein the isolation relay ( 11 ), the TRIAC ( 12 ), the measuring terminals ( 13 ) and the relay ( 16 ) each with a control unit ( 14 ) are electrically connected, The resistance measuring circuit of the measurement of the line resistance in the loop ( 5 ), whereby with the relay ( 16 ) the resistance measuring circuit can be switched on, and - if at least one electrical fault occurs in the ring line ( 5 ) the at least one fault is disconnectable from the power supply. Safety lighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical connection of the control unit ( 14 ) with the ring line ( 5 ) via the measuring terminals ( 13 ) both for voltage measurement and for the power supply and thus in particular also the power supply of the isolation relay ( 11 ) serves. Method for operating the safety lighting system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when at least one electrical fault occurs in the loop ( 5 ) the at least one fault is separated from the power supply, characterized in that the tapped voltage of a plant part is measured and causes a deviation of a target value, a shutdown of the power supply of this plant part after a trip time. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the tripping time behaves in dependence on the tapped voltage of the plant part, wherein the smaller the tapped voltage of the plant part, the shorter the tripping time.

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