CN1105039C - Sound probe with multiple elements comprising a common earth electrode - Google Patents
Sound probe with multiple elements comprising a common earth electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN1105039C CN1105039C CN97191814A CN97191814A CN1105039C CN 1105039 C CN1105039 C CN 1105039C CN 97191814 A CN97191814 A CN 97191814A CN 97191814 A CN97191814 A CN 97191814A CN 1105039 C CN1105039 C CN 1105039C
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/42—Piezoelectric device making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49005—Acoustic transducer
Abstract
The invention concerns a sound probe with multiple elements comprising piezoelectric transducers (Tij) and a bonding network connecting the acoustic transducers to an electronic device for controlling and processing the signal. This probe further comprises a continuous earth electrode (P) integrated between the transducers and the sound adapting elements, opposite the piezoelectric transducers, the sound adapting elements being totally decoupled from one another mechanically. The invention is applicable to medical or underwater imaging.
Description
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of manufacturing with the multiple-unit sonic probe of a public earth electrode, this sonic probe is mainly used in medical science or imaging field under water.
In general, comprise one group of piezoelectric transducer on the sonic probe, they are connecting an electronic control package by an array gusset piece.
These piezoelectric transducers send sound wave, after these sound waves are reflected in a medium, can provide the information of this medium.Generally have one or more acoustic matching plates, for example quarter-wave is attached on the surface of piezoelectric transducer, is used for improving the acoustic energy that is transferred to this medium.
These matching disks can and be made by a kind of polymeric material adding mineral grain, and the ratio of mineral grain can be regulated to obtain desirable acoustic efficiency.Usually these matching disks are to be formed by molding or cutting, bond on the surface of these piezoelectric transducers again.
Specifically, on a probe, one group of cell sensor can be housed, i.e. piezoelectric transducer, they are by a monolithic piezoelectric material plate, as the cutting of piezoelectric transition (PZT) type ceramic wafer and separate.So just need use the same method and cut joining acoustic matching layer (one or more layers), with the acoustic coupling between the cell sensor of avoiding producing by acoustic matching layer (one or more layers).Therefore the cutting of these matching layers and piezoelectric layer generally can be carried out simultaneously, for example with the steel stone saw cutting of being inlaid with gold.
Each unit piezoelectric transducer must connect ground wire on the one hand, is connecting positive terminal (claiming focus again) on the other hand.
Usually, ground wire is positioned at towards the place of propagation medium (for example, describing the material of experiencing in the sonic probe at echo), and promptly it should be positioned at a side at place, acoustic matching unit.
Cutting sound matching layer and piezoelectric have a consequence simultaneously, and promptly earth electrode also can be cut, and this is owing to this electrode is by making in the middle of a metal level insertion acoustic matching material and the piezoelectric.In the one dimension linear transducer array, the continuity of earth electrode can be protected in one direction.And in two-dimensional array probe, because each unit is to be formed by cutting on the both direction, so the connectivity of earth electrode must be protected at least one direction, with the peripheral ground connection of the array component of guaranteeing the unit piezoelectric transducer.
In the prior art, in order to ensure the earth polar continuity of two-dimensional array probe, the method below recommending to implement:
On array gusset piece 1, adhere to a last conductive layer earlier with bonding method, adhere to a piezoelectric plate again.
Then finish and become to cut process in matrix sensor Tij upper edge Dy direction shown in Figure 1.Bonding last layer or multilayer acoustic matching plate again use the same method.The lower surface of first acoustic matching plate is metallized, thereby guarantees to have earthing pole on the edge of matrix.
At last, whole device (acoustic matching plate and piezoelectric plate) is along the Dx direction cutting perpendicular to the Dy direction.
So just obtained a matrix, be covered with acoustic matching unit Ai on each unit piezoelectric transducer Tij of matrix, earth electrode Pi then is inserted between sensor Tij and the unit Ai.
Yet this method has a shortcoming, and promptly the cell sensor on every line i on the Dx direction is all being connected by mechanical type, and therefore, the performance of the sonic probe that this method is made can be affected.
This also is why the present invention will can solve prior art problems like this in the reason that on the sonic probe a continuous earth electrode is inserted between unconnected each other unit piezoelectric transducer and the unconnected each other acoustic matching unit.
Specifically, purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of method of making the multiple-unit sonic probe, may further comprise the steps: the array that forms an independent piezoelectric transducer; On described array, spread a conductive electrode; Described conductive electrode and described array are coupled together; One first acoustic matching plate is covered on the described conductive electrode; With one have than described first acoustic matching plate more a rising tone matching disk of low acoustic impedance cover on described first acoustic matching plate; And described first and second acoustic matching plates are carried out etching, described conductive electrode the method is characterized in that for described etching provides an anticorrosion insulation: carry out etching, so that form an acoustic matching cell array corresponding to described independent piezoelectric sensor array.
Local etching can be easily by CO
2Type laser, excitated type ultraviolet laser or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser are finished.
According to a kind of method of making sonic probe of the present invention, earth electrode can be metallized deposited copper polyimide, and acoustic matching unit Aij can use etching method, promptly uses CO
2Laser processes on the epoxy resin of one deck adding tungsten particle with the flux of energy (in case etching into metal layer) of some joules of every sq cms.
In the most preferred embodiment of the method according to this invention, adhered to two-layer acoustic matching material, ground floor has acoustic impedance at it near the piezoelectric transducer place, and near medium, i.e. the place of sonic probe performance function has acoustic impedance to the second layer at it.This is two-layer to be that etching method is made, and adds a cover anticorrosion insulation during etching on conductive layer.
According to another most preferred embodiment of the present invention, on a layer of piezo-electric material, adhered to one deck acoustic matching material, this acoustic matching material has acoustic impedance near the sensor place, and this material has electric conductivity again simultaneously.The sonic probe device is the acoustic matching unit of making piezoelectric sensing Tij and first group of acoustic impedance by patterning method.Adhere to an electric conductivity ground electrode layer being covered with on that group sensor Tij of unit Aij1.Second layer acoustic matching material places on the surface of earth electrode P, can make unit Aij2 by this low acoustic impedance layer of partial cut, adds anticorrosion insulation during cutting on earth electrode.
Earth electrode can be made by a sheet metal usually, for example makes with copper or silver.
Earth electrode can also be made by copper facing or gold-plated polyester or the metal-coating of polymeric material sheet of polyimide type, perhaps also charges into conductive particle with the polymeric material thin slice and makes.
The acoustic matching unit can be easily charges into tungsten and/or alumina particle by epoxy resin and makes, and the unit piezoelectric transducer can be made by piezoelectric transition (PZT) type pottery.
Sonic probe comprises acoustic matching element Aij1 harmony matching element Aij2.Acoustic matching element Aij1 is positioned at the earth electrode top, and has acoustic impedance near sonic probe propagation medium place; Acoustic matching element Aij2 and is having acoustic impedance near the piezoelectric transducer place between earth electrode and piezoelectric transducer.
Usually, if sonic probe according to the present invention is to be used for aqueous medium, and piezoelectric transducer is by the pottery manufacturing, then about 2 to 3,000,000 thunders of the acoustic impedance of unit Aij1.
Below, by with reference to the accompanying drawings, will make non-restrictive explanation to the present invention, this can make the present invention more be expressly understood, and other advantages also can demonstrate.Accompanying drawing comprises:
-Fig. 1 has shown a sonic probe according to prior art;
-Fig. 2 has shown according to first sonic probe example of the present invention;
-Fig. 3 has shown first manufacturing step that is used for according to an example matrix gusset piece of sonic probe of the present invention;
-Fig. 4 has shown second manufacturing step that is used for according to an example matrix gusset piece of sonic probe of the present invention;
-Fig. 5 has shown that general-duty in the technology in prior art and the present invention makes a step of sonic probe;
-Fig. 6 has shown a step of making according to sonic probe of the present invention, comprises in this step a conductive layer is attached on the surface of cell sensor Tij;
-Fig. 7 has shown a step of making according to sonic probe of the present invention, comprises adhering to of acoustic matching plate in this step;
-Fig. 8 has shown a step of making according to sonic probe of the present invention, comprises the local etching of acoustic matching plate in this step, thereby makes unit Aij;
-Fig. 9 has shown according to second sonic probe example of the present invention.
Sonic probe according to the present invention comprises unit piezoelectric transducer Tij (with linear matrix or otherwise, the mode layout of preferred two-dimensional matrix), and these sensors are attached on the pillar matrix gusset piece.This matrix gusset piece is made of the end that appears on the metal track of the one side upper edge connection array of a connected body.This connected body is called pedestal hereinafter.Those relative ends are connecting an electron steering and analytical equipment usually on the metal track.
Fig. 2 has shown first most preferred embodiment according to sonic probe of the present invention, and whole probe is the part cutting in this example.Pedestal 1 is supporting each unit piezoelectric transducer Tij.Continuous ground electrode P is attached on the surface of each piezoelectric transducer Tij and supportting the acoustic matching unit Aij of each each interval, each acoustic matching unit Aij can make (two-layer matching materials and thereby acquisition unit Aij1 and Aij2 are arranged in the embodiment shown in Figure 2) by adhering to one or more layers acoustic matching material.
For the piezoelectric transducer of M * N rank matrix, the matrix gusset piece can be made by the method for following example:
Use M insulating lining.Make N strip conductor in these liner plate upper edge Dx directions.Thereby can open a window on each liner plate and expose strip conductor.All M liner plates are arranged neat and along Dy direction ranked and stacked pile.So just obtain liner plate heap, comprised M liner plate on this liner plate heap, and thereby had an inner chamber that comprises M * N strip conductor.Shown this liner plate pile structure among Fig. 3.
The liner plate of Xing Chenging charges into the non-conductive hardening resin more like this, thereby obtains required sound attenuation performance.After hardening of resin, the liner plate heap is cut open along the plane P c perpendicular to its direction, plane P c is concordant with established inner chamber, as shown in Figure 4, to obtain a cross section that comprises M * N track, this cross section in the vertical direction flushes with resin, forms the upper surface of pedestal 1.
In order to guarantee connecting between this M * N track cross section and the piezoelectric transducer Tij, can adopt following facilitated method:
On whole surface, be a metal layer Me by the pedestal 1 of M * N track section constitution.With one deck piezoelectric transition (PZT) type piezoelectric ceramics material attached on the metal layer Me.Afterwards, cutting Me layer and ceramic layer, this can adopt such as instruments such as saws, so that sensor Tij is separated from each other.On the surface of resin, can add anti-incised layer, and the control of this cutting is not needed very high precision.Fig. 5 has shown sensor Tij matrix, and each sensor Tij is positioned on the metallization unit Meij, " focus " joint that each metallization unit Meij then is equivalent to mention in the preamble.Like this, sensor module has just had electric the connection with pedestal 1.
Cover one deck earth electrode P again on the device by top method shaping, as shown in Figure 6.Carry out bondingly above earth electrode is placed on earlier again, the material of earth electrode can be a kind of sheet metal or metallized polymer flake.
Afterwards, bonding more two-layer acoustic matching material plate L1 and L2, as shown in Figure 8.First plate L1 has acoustic impedance near the sensor material place, and second plate L2 is at close medium, and promptly the sonic probe working place has low acoustic impedance.Cutting process afterwards must mechanically separate matching disk and guarantee not switch to earth electrode P.
Like this, can obtain the cell sensor Tij of acoustics decoupling zero.Simultaneously guaranteed electrical continuity again, thereby made the probe periphery have the ground connection performance.
Specifically, cutting operation can adopt laser.For example adopt CO
2Type iraser, excitated type ultraviolet laser, three road or four road yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG) laser etc.
Can optionally change above-mentioned steps, adopt other structure as earth electrode and acoustic matching unit, the different parameters of the laser beam of laser, promptly wavelength, flux of energy can also be selected other job operation cutting sound matching disk for use and don't injure earth electrode.Cutting operation can pass through the focusing of laser beam and lead with the description cutting path, or passes through to scan the mark of the arrangement on the cutting path with definite cutting path.
According to another most preferred embodiment of the present invention, have two groups of acoustic matching unit Aij1 and Aij2 on the sonic probe, separate with continuous earth electrode between the two.
On the surface of sensor Tji that comprises on this probe attached to the connecting column of a matrix gusset piece.Shown this structure among Fig. 9.First group of acoustic matching unit with acoustic impedance is also processed in the piezoelectric unit cutting forming, and this cutting can be finished by the ground floor acoustic matching plate L1 that cuts above-mentioned metal layer Me, ceramic layer (formation cell sensor) and must have an electric conductivity.
Comprise electrode Meij, sensor Tij, unit Aji1 on the device of making by top process, will cover one deck electric conductivity earth electrode on this device, and then on bonding.
Like this, bonding again second layer low acoustic impedance plate L2 also cuts it by etching, will cover anticorrosion insulation before the cutting on earth electrode, can obtain low acoustic impedance unit Aij2 like this.The useful part of this variation of the present invention is that the material thickness that will cut away during local etching is less, and the probe of Huo Deing can obtain acoustic impedance unit and low acoustic impedance unit simultaneously easily like this.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of method of making the multiple-unit sonic probe may further comprise the steps:
Form the array of an independent piezoelectric transducer;
On described array, spread a conductive electrode;
Described conductive electrode and described array are coupled together;
One first acoustic matching plate is covered on the described conductive electrode;
With one have than described first acoustic matching plate more a rising tone matching disk of low acoustic impedance cover on described first acoustic matching plate; And
Described first and second acoustic matching plates are carried out etching, and described conductive electrode provides an anticorrosion insulation for described etching,
It is characterized in that: carry out described etching, so that form an acoustic matching cell array corresponding to described independent piezoelectric sensor array.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the step that forms described independent piezoelectric sensor array comprises:
Some liner plates that will have many strip conductors are stacked;
Hardening resin is charged in the chamber that is made of described liner plate;
Perpendicular to the described liner plate that piles up of axis cutting of described strip conductor, thereby form a surface with a track cross section array;
With the described surface of metal treatment;
Cover described metalized surface with a layer of piezo-electric material; And
Cut described piezoelectric and metalized surface layer, thereby form an independent piezoelectric sensor array.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: finish etching to described first and second acoustic matching plates with laser.
4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the step of described first and second acoustic matching plates of etching comprises:
Focus on a laser beam;
Guide described laser beam by a mask.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: the step of described first and second acoustic matching plates of etching comprises with an infrared laser beam cuts.
6, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: the step of described first and second acoustic matching plates of etching comprises with laser beam cuts, and this laser beam has the flux of energy that does not influence conductive electrode.
7, a kind of method of making the multiple-unit sonic probe may further comprise the steps:
Form the array of an independent piezoelectric transducer, each piezoelectric transducer is connected with a conduction acoustic matching unit;
On described array, spread a conductive electrode;
Described conductive electrode and described array are coupled together;
One acoustic matching plate is covered on the described conductive electrode;
The described acoustic matching plate of etching, thus described conductive electrode provides an anticorrosion insulation for described etching,
It is characterized in that: carry out described etching, so that form an acoustic matching cell array corresponding to described independent piezoelectric sensor array, each piezoelectric transducer is connected with a conduction acoustic matching unit.
8, method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that forming each piezoelectric transducer and all comprises with the step of an independent piezoelectric sensor array of conduction acoustic matching unit bonded assembly:
Some liner plates that will have many strip conductors are stacked;
Hardening resin is charged in the chamber that is made of described liner plate;
Axis perpendicular to described strip conductor cuts described liner plate heap, thereby forms a surface with a track cross section array;
With the described surface of metal treatment;
Cover described metalized surface with a layer of piezo-electric material;
Cover described piezoelectric material layer with a conduction acoustic matching plate; And
Cut described conduction acoustic matching plate, described piezoelectric material layer and described metalized surface, thereby form an independent piezoelectric sensor array, wherein each piezoelectric transducer all is connected with a conduction acoustic matching unit.
9, method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: finish etching to described acoustic matching plate with laser.
10, method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that the step of the described acoustic matching plate of etching comprises:
Focus on a laser beam; And
Guide described laser beam by a mask.
11, method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the step of the described acoustic matching plate of etching comprises with an infrared laser beam cuts.
12, method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the step of the described acoustic matching plate of etching comprises with a laser beam cuts, and this laser beam has the flux of energy that does not influence conductive electrode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9614472A FR2756447B1 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | MULTIPLE ELEMENT ACOUSTIC PROBE COMPRISING A COMMON MASS ELECTRODE |
FR96/14472 | 1996-11-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1209778A CN1209778A (en) | 1999-03-03 |
CN1105039C true CN1105039C (en) | 2003-04-09 |
Family
ID=9498040
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN97191814A Expired - Fee Related CN1105039C (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1997-11-21 | Sound probe with multiple elements comprising a common earth electrode |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6341408B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0883447B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000504274A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100508222B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1105039C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69710314T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0883447T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2756447B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO983363L (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998023392A1 (en) |
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FR2779575B1 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2003-05-30 | Thomson Csf | MULTI-PIECE ACOUSTIC PROBE COMPRISING A CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITE FILM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD |
FR2802449B1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2002-03-01 | Thomson Csf | MULTI-ELEMENT LINEAR ACOUSTIC PROBE AND METHOD FOR THE COLLECTIVE MANUFACTURE OF ACOUSTIC PROBES |
ATE438952T1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2009-08-15 | Nxp Bv | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PIEZOELECTRIC FILTER MOLDED ON A SUPPORT SUBSTRATE HAVING AN ACOUSTIC RESONATOR ON AN ACOUSTIC REFLECTOR LAYER |
FR2806332B1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2002-06-14 | Thomson Csf | UNIDIRECTIONAL ACOUSTIC SENSOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD |
FR2810907B1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-10-31 | Thomson Csf | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MULTI-PIECE ACOUSTIC PROBE USING A NEW METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL MASS |
FR2815723B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2004-04-30 | Thomson Csf | SYSTEM METHOD AND PROBE FOR OBTAINING IMAGES VIA A BROADCAST EMITTED BY AN ANTENNA AFTER REFLECTION OF THESE WAVES AT A TARGET ASSEMBLY |
FR2818170B1 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2003-03-07 | Thomson Csf | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A MULTI-ELEMENT ACOUSTIC PROBE USING A METALLIC AND ABLATE POLYMER FILM AS A GROUND PLAN |
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JP4503347B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2010-07-14 | 日本電波工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of ultrasonic probe |
JP4513596B2 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2010-07-28 | 株式会社デンソー | Ultrasonic sensor |
JP4469928B2 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2010-06-02 | ベックマン・コールター・インコーポレーテッド | Stirring vessel |
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- 1997-11-21 CN CN97191814A patent/CN1105039C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-21 WO PCT/FR1997/002110 patent/WO1998023392A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-21 EP EP97947120A patent/EP0883447B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-21 DE DE69710314T patent/DE69710314T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-21 US US09/117,045 patent/US6341408B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-21 KR KR1019980705547A patent/KR100508222B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-21 JP JP10524353A patent/JP2000504274A/en active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0883447T3 (en) | 2002-05-27 |
JP2000504274A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
WO1998023392A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
DE69710314T2 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
EP0883447B1 (en) | 2002-02-06 |
NO983363L (en) | 1998-09-03 |
EP0883447A1 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
FR2756447B1 (en) | 1999-02-05 |
KR19990081844A (en) | 1999-11-15 |
FR2756447A1 (en) | 1998-05-29 |
US6341408B2 (en) | 2002-01-29 |
KR100508222B1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
US20010042289A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
NO983363D0 (en) | 1998-07-21 |
DE69710314D1 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
CN1209778A (en) | 1999-03-03 |
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